Meuling W J, Franssen A C, Brouwer D H, van Hemmen J J
Department of Occupational Toxicology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 1997 Jun 20;199(1-2):165-72. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05492-2.
A large number of workers in agriculture are exposed daily (through skin contact) to pesticides either directly during mixing and loading or indirectly due to contact. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of skin moisture on the dermal uptake of the pesticide propoxur. The study was conducted in human volunteers under controlled temperature conditions (30 degrees C) and environmental relative humidities of either 50, 70 or 90%. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee. In this study a linear relationship between the environmental relative humidity and the level of skin moisture was observed. The results indicate that the level of skin moisture influences the absorption of propoxur via the dermal route, dramatically ranging from, on average, 13, 33-63% of the potentially absorbed dose' which is excreted in urine as the primary metabolite 2-isopropoxyphenol (IPP) at relative humidity levels of, on average 50, 70 and 90%, respectively. The 'potentially absorbed dose' is defined as the difference between the applied dose and the dislodged dose after 4 h. It can be concluded that by assessing health risks of workers in agriculture exposed dermally to pesticides and e.g. in testing the efficiency of protective clothing under realistic conditions, the influence of the level of skin moisture on absorption of substances may be considerable and has to be taken into account.
大量农业工人每天（通过皮肤接触）在混合和装载过程中直接接触农药，或因接触而间接接触农药。本研究的目的是调查皮肤湿度对农药残杀威经皮肤吸收的影响。该研究在人体志愿者中进行，温度控制在30摄氏度，环境相对湿度分别为50%、70%或90%。该研究获得了医学伦理委员会的批准。在本研究中，观察到环境相对湿度与皮肤湿度水平之间存在线性关系。结果表明，皮肤湿度水平会影响残杀威经皮肤的吸收，在相对湿度平均分别为50%、70%和90%时，吸收量显著不同，平均分别为潜在吸收剂量的13%、33% - 63%，潜在吸收剂量以主要代谢物2 - 异丙氧基苯酚（IPP）的形式经尿液排出。“潜在吸收剂量”定义为施用剂量与4小时后去除剂量之间的差值。可以得出结论，在评估农业工人经皮肤接触农药的健康风险以及例如在实际条件下测试防护服的效率时，皮肤湿度水平对物质吸收的影响可能相当大，必须予以考虑。
