Zejda J E, Grabecki J, Król B, Panasiuk Z, Jedrzejczak A, Jarkowski M
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 1997 Jun;5(2):60-4.
The paper presents the results of the large-scale blood lead levels survey in pre-school urban children living in industrial area of Poland (Katowice Voivodship, Upper Silesian Industrial Zone-USIZ). The program, established in 1993, involves education, screening and medical care of case-children, as its major elements. Until December 1995 six thousand nine hundred sixty nine children aged 2-6 years have been examined in three towns (Chorzów, Kalowice, Sosnowiec). Geometric mean value of blood lead level (PbB) was slightly but not statistically significantly larger in boys (6.68 +/- 1.51 micrograms/dl) than in girls (6.58 +/- 1.54 micrograms/dl). In a multiple regression analysis the following variables explained variation in PbB: town (p = 0.0001), age (p = 0.005), floor on which apartment was located (p = 0.0001), number of siblings (p = 0.0001), apartment quality (p = 0.0001), carpet in a child's room (p = 0.0001), consumption of locally grown vegetables (p = 0.007), frequent trips outside the region (p = 0.0001). The results were verified with PbB as dichotomous variable. The occurrence of PbB above 10 micrograms/dl (frequency, 14.2%-17.2%) was associated with floor on which apartment was located, number of siblings, apartment's quality, the presence of carpet in child's room and frequent trips outside the region. The occurrence of PbB above 15 micrograms/dl (frequency: 2.5%-4.2% of children) was associated with the same variables and additionally, with the place of residence and intensity of vehicle traffic. The findings yield reliable population-based estimates of the risk of over-exposure of "non-hot-spot" urban children to environmental lead and highlight the important role of factors that could be classified as environmental and socio-economical determinants of blood lead level. Among environmental factors deposits of lead are still a problem in a densely populated industrial center of USIZ and the use of leaded gasoline adds to the magnitude of exposure.
本文介绍了对波兰工业区（卡托维兹省，上西里西亚工业区 - USIZ）城市学龄前儿童进行的大规模血铅水平调查结果。该项目于1993年设立，主要内容包括对患病儿童的教育、筛查和医疗护理。截至1995年12月，已对三个城镇（霍茹夫、卡洛维采、索斯诺维茨）的6969名2至6岁儿童进行了检查。男孩的血铅水平（PbB）几何平均值（6.68 +/- 1.51微克/分升）略高于女孩（6.58 +/- 1.54微克/分升），但差异无统计学意义。在多元回归分析中，以下变量解释了PbB的变化：城镇（p = 0.0001）、年龄（p = 0.005）、公寓所在楼层（p = 0.0001）、兄弟姐妹数量（p = 0.0001）、公寓质量（p = 0.0001）、儿童房间内的地毯（p = 0.0001）、食用当地种植的蔬菜（p = 0.007）、频繁前往该地区以外（p = 0.0001）。以PbB作为二分变量对结果进行了验证。血铅水平高于10微克/分升的发生率（频率为14.2%-17.2%）与公寓所在楼层、兄弟姐妹数量、公寓质量、儿童房间内地毯的存在以及频繁前往该地区以外有关。血铅水平高于15微克/分升的发生率（频率为儿童的2.5%-4.2%）与上述相同变量有关，此外还与居住地和车辆交通强度有关。这些发现得出了基于人群的可靠估计，即“非热点”城市儿童过度暴露于环境铅的风险，并突出了可归类为血铅水平的环境和社会经济决定因素的因素的重要作用。在环境因素中，铅的沉积在人口密集的USIZ工业中心仍然是一个问题，含铅汽油的使用增加了暴露程度。
