正负强化在逃避维持的破坏性行为治疗中的应用。
The use of positive and negative reinforcement in the treatment of escape-maintained destructive behavior.
作者信息
Piazza C C, Fisher W W, Hanley G P, Remick M L, Contrucci S A, Aitken T L
机构信息
Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1997 Summer;30(2):279-97; quiz 297-8. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-279.
We identified 3 clients whose destructive behavior was sensitive to negative reinforcement (break from tasks) and positive reinforcement (access to tangible items, attention, or both). In an instructional context, we then evaluated the effects of reinforcing compliance with one, two, or all of these consequences (a break, tangible items, attention) when destructive behavior produced a break and when it did not (escape extinction). For 2 clients, destructive behavior decreased and compliance increased when compliance produced access to tangible items, even though destructive behavior resulted in a break. For 1 client, extinction was necessary to reduce destructive behavior and to increase compliance. Subsequently, when the schedule of reinforcement for compliance was faded for all clients, destructive behavior was lower and fading proceeded more rapidly when compliance produced multiple functional reinforcers (i.e., a break plus tangible items or attention) and destructive behavior was on extinction. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of relative reinforcement value and extinction on concurrent operants.
我们确定了3名服务对象，他们的破坏性行为对负强化（暂停任务）和正强化（获得有形物品、关注或两者兼有）敏感。在教学情境中，我们随后评估了在破坏性行为导致休息以及未导致休息（逃避消退）时，强化对这些后果（休息、有形物品、关注）中的一种、两种或全部的依从性所产生的影响。对于2名服务对象，当依从性能够获得有形物品时，破坏性行为减少且依从性增加，即使破坏性行为会导致休息。对于1名服务对象，有必要采用消退来减少破坏性行为并提高依从性。随后，当所有服务对象的依从性强化计划逐渐减少时，当依从性产生多种功能性强化物（即休息加上有形物品或关注）且破坏性行为处于消退状态时，破坏性行为较少，消退过程也进行得更快。我们根据相对强化价值和消退对并发操作性行为的影响来讨论这些结果。
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