Zarcone J R, Iwata B A, Vollmer T R, Jagtiani S, Smith R G, Mazaleski J L
University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1993 Fall;26(3):353-60. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1993.26-353.
Three individuals with developmental disabilities participated in a study of the treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) maintained by negative reinforcement (escape from educational tasks). Treatment was implemented in a multiple baseline design across subjects, in which two treatments were compared in a multielement format. Both treatment conditions included an escape-extinction component in which SIB no longer produced escape. One of the conditions also included a fading component in which the frequency of instructions was initially reduced to zero and then was gradually faded back in across sessions until the instructional rate matched that of the original baseline. Results indicated that extinction alone reduced SIB to the end-of-treatment criterion in fewer sessions than did extinction plus fading for all 3 subjects. For 2 of the 3 subjects, however, there was an initial increase in the frequency of SIB at the outset of treatment with extinction (an extinction burst) that was not observed when extinction was combined with the fading component.
三名发育障碍患者参与了一项关于由负强化（逃避教育任务）维持的自伤行为（SIB）治疗的研究。治疗采用跨被试多基线设计，其中两种治疗方法以多元素形式进行比较。两种治疗条件都包括逃避消退成分，即自伤行为不再产生逃避。其中一种条件还包括一个渐隐成分，即指令频率最初降至零，然后在各疗程中逐渐恢复，直到指令频率与原始基线匹配。结果表明，对于所有3名被试，仅消退在比消退加渐隐更少的疗程中将自伤行为减少到治疗结束标准。然而，在3名被试中的2名中，在采用消退治疗开始时，自伤行为频率出现了最初的增加（消退爆发），而当消退与渐隐成分相结合时未观察到这种情况。
