Magnussen C R, Douglas R G, Betts R F, Roth F K, Meagher M P
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1977 Oct;12(4):498-502. doi: 10.1128/AAC.12.4.498.
The prophylactic effectiveness of oral administration of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) against experimentally induced influenza A infection was evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial in normal volunteers. Fourteen men received ribavirin capsules (1,000 mg/day in four divided doses) and 15 other men received identical-appearing placebo capsules beginning 6 h after the intranasal inoculation of 3.4 log(10) 50% tissue culture infectious doses of influenza virus A/Victoria/3/75 H3N2 and continuing for 5 days after challenge. The total number of moderate-to-severe symptom scores and the total number of temperatures >/=100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) were significantly lower in the ribavirin group compared with the placebo group. The mean quantity of virus shed in nasal wash specimens and the total number of days that there were viral titers greater than 1.0 log(10) 50% tissue culture infectious doses per ml were significantly greater in the placebo group. There was no difference between the frequencies of virus isolated or the antibody responses in the two groups. Therefore, prophylactic ribavirin ameliorated symptoms and fever indicative of moderate-to-severe illness, but had no effect on the manifestations of mild illness in response to influenza A challenge. A transient rise in total serum bilirubin occurred in 29% of the ribavirin-treated volunteers and in none of the placebo-treated volunteers.
在一项针对正常志愿者的双盲临床试验中，评估了口服利巴韦林（1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酰胺）对实验性甲型流感感染的预防效果。14名男性在鼻内接种3.4 log(10) 50%组织培养感染剂量的甲型流感病毒A/维多利亚/3/75 H3N2后6小时开始接受利巴韦林胶囊（1000毫克/天，分4次服用），另外15名男性接受外观相同的安慰剂胶囊，并在攻毒后持续服用5天。与安慰剂组相比，利巴韦林组中重度症状评分的总数以及体温≥100华氏度（37.8摄氏度）的总数显著更低。安慰剂组鼻洗液标本中排出的病毒平均量以及病毒滴度大于1.0 log(10) 50%组织培养感染剂量/毫升的总天数显著更多。两组之间分离出病毒的频率或抗体反应没有差异。因此，预防性使用利巴韦林可改善中重度疾病的症状和发热，但对甲型流感攻毒后轻症的表现没有影响。29%接受利巴韦林治疗的志愿者出现总血清胆红素短暂升高，而接受安慰剂治疗的志愿者均未出现这种情况。
