Gupta R, Prakash H
Department of Medicine, Monilek Hospital and Research Centre, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur.
J Indian Med Assoc. 1997 Mar;95(3):67-9, 83.
To determine the association between intake of dietary fat, specifically Indian ghee, and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and risk factors as study was undertaken on a rural population in Rajasthan. Total community cross-sectional survey was done using a physician administered questionnaire; 1982 males aged 20 years and more were studied. The dietary questionnaire focused on the amount and type of fat consumed. Staple dietary fat in this area is mustard/rapeseed oil and Indian ghee. To define the role of ghee, the average amount consumed in a month was determined; 782 males (39%) consumed 1 kg or more ghee per month (group 1) and 1200 (61%) consumed less than 1 kg per month (group 2). To elicit details of fatty acid composition of the diet consumed, detailed dietary history was acquired from a random 460 (23%) males; 220 from group 1 and 240 from group 2. Group 1 males were significantly younger, more literate and had more weight and body-mass index. This group consumed significantly more calories, saturated and mono-unsaturated fats while the consumption of polyunsaturated fats was similar in the two groups. Fatty acid intake analysis showed that group 1 males consumed more mono-unsaturated (n-9) fatty acids than group 2. Intake of polyunsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acids was similar. There was significantly lower prevalence of CHD in men who consumed > kg ghee per month (odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence limits 0.18-0.30, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed this association (p < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension and other coronary risk factors was similar in the two groups.
为了确定膳食脂肪（特别是印度酥油）的摄入量与冠心病（CHD）患病率及风险因素之间的关联，在拉贾斯坦邦的农村人口中开展了一项研究。采用医生发放问卷的方式进行了全社区横断面调查；对1982名20岁及以上的男性进行了研究。膳食问卷聚焦于脂肪的摄入量和类型。该地区的主要膳食脂肪是芥子油/菜籽油和印度酥油。为明确酥油的作用，测定了每月的平均摄入量；782名男性（39%）每月食用1千克或更多酥油（第1组），1200名男性（61%）每月食用量少于1千克（第2组）。为获取所食用膳食脂肪酸组成的详细信息，从460名（23%）男性中随机抽取进行详细的饮食史调查；第1组220名，第2组240名。第1组男性明显更年轻、受教育程度更高，体重和身体质量指数也更高。该组摄入的热量、饱和脂肪和单不饱和脂肪明显更多，而两组的多不饱和脂肪摄入量相似。脂肪酸摄入量分析表明，第1组男性比第2组摄入更多的单不饱和（n-9）脂肪酸。多不饱和 n-3和n-6脂肪酸的摄入量相似。每月食用>1千克酥油的男性中冠心病患病率显著更低（优势比=0.23，95%置信区间0.18 - 0.30，p<0.001）。多变量分析证实了这种关联（p<0.001）。两组中高血压和其他冠心病风险因素的患病率相似。
