Rodgers W, Miller B
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1997 May;52 Spec No:21-36. doi: 10.1093/geronb/52b.special_issue.21.
This article describes questions designed to assess limitations with respect to activities of daily living (ADLs) that were asked on the first wave of the AHEAD study, and it assesses their cross-sectional measurement properties. It also provides comparisons between those questions and parallel questions that have been asked on two other surveys of the elderly population in the United States: the 1984 Supplement on Aging (SOA) to the National Health Interview Survey and the screener for the 1982 National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS). It also compares a single item from the 1990 Census. It then compares the ways in which the same individuals answer these different versions of ADL questions, using data from subsamples of the AHEAD respondents who were also asked the SOA, NLTCS, or Census questions. The analysis shows that there is a substantial amount of measurement error in the answers to ADL questions, and it suggests that this is a major contributor to apparent improvements and declines in functional health observed in longitudinal data.
本文描述了旨在评估日常生活活动（ADL）局限性的问题，这些问题是在AHEAD研究的首轮调查中提出的，并评估了它们的横断面测量属性。它还对这些问题与在美国另外两项老年人口调查中提出的类似问题进行了比较：1984年《国家健康访谈调查》的老龄化补充调查（SOA）和1982年《国家长期护理调查》（NLTCS）的筛选问卷。它还比较了1990年人口普查中的一个单项。然后，利用AHEAD受访者子样本的数据，比较了同一批人回答这些不同版本ADL问题的方式，这些受访者也被问及了SOA、NLTCS或人口普查问题。分析表明，ADL问题的答案中存在大量测量误差，这表明这是纵向数据中观察到的功能健康明显改善和下降的一个主要因素。
