Boden J M, Baumeister R F
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997 Jul;73(1):45-62. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.73.1.45.
To avoid exposure to unpleasant or unwanted emotional material, some people may distract themselves by summoning up pleasant thoughts such as happy memories. Manipulation of negative affect might therefore result in heightened accessibility of pleasant thoughts and memories, contrary to hypotheses of mood-congruent recall. In Experiment 1, repressors were faster to recall happy memories after watching an unpleasant film than after watching a neutral film. Nonrepressors showed the opposite effect (i.e., mood-congruent memory). In Experiment 2, after an unpleasant film, repressors were faster to recall a happy memory than to recall a sad memory. In Experiment 3, repressors spontaneously generated pleasant thoughts after watching an unpleasant film, whereas nonrepressors did not. Thus, repressors apparently cope with exposure to negative affective material by accessing pleasant thoughts. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive defenses against emotional distress and the associative structure of repression.
为避免接触不愉快或 unwanted 的情绪材料，一些人可能会通过唤起愉快的想法（如快乐的回忆）来分散自己的注意力。因此，对负面情绪的操控可能会导致愉快的想法和回忆更容易被提取，这与情绪一致性回忆的假设相反。在实验 1 中，压抑者在观看不愉快的电影后比观看中性电影后能更快地回忆起快乐的回忆。非压抑者则表现出相反的效果（即情绪一致性记忆）。在实验 2 中，观看不愉快的电影后，压抑者回忆快乐的回忆比回忆悲伤的回忆更快。在实验 3 中，压抑者在观看不愉快的电影后会自发地产生愉快的想法，而非压抑者则不会。因此，压抑者显然通过提取愉快的想法来应对接触负面情绪材料的情况。我们从针对情绪困扰的认知防御以及压抑的联想结构方面对结果进行了讨论。
