Yanowitch R E
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1977 Oct;48(10):918-21.
The behavioral intercrew dynamics were investigated in three fatal air carrier accidents. This is apparently the original research done on this vital safety area and certain important factors have been identified for use in the prevention of future accidents. It is seen that a pilot in a flying situation is, in reality, a processor of information encompassing a system of behavior patterns. A failure in the information processing modes may be contributory to accident causation. The processing system contains four interrelated phases: 1) sensing the incoming information (Perception); 2) analyzing and understanding the processed information (Comprehension); 3) making a decision based on the understanding (Decision); and 4) performing or not performing some physical act based on the decision (Action). The dynamic factors of selective inattention, ego function, and level of awareness are present in all crew behavior. If any one of these dynamic factors affects the performance of the flight task, the behavior may lead to inappropriate performance. This may result in a fatal accident. Conclusions concerning accident prevention are drawn from this study.
在三起致命的航空承运人事故中对机组人员的行为动态进行了调查。这显然是在这个至关重要的安全领域所做的原创性研究，并且已经确定了某些重要因素以用于预防未来的事故。可以看出，在飞行情境中的飞行员实际上是一个处理包含行为模式系统的信息的人。信息处理模式的失败可能是事故因果关系的一个促成因素。处理系统包含四个相互关联的阶段：1）感知传入信息（感知）；2）分析和理解处理后的信息（理解）；3）基于理解做出决策（决策）；4）根据决策执行或不执行某种身体行为（行动）。选择性注意力不集中、自我功能和意识水平等动态因素存在于所有机组人员行为中。如果这些动态因素中的任何一个影响飞行任务的执行，该行为可能会导致不适当的表现。这可能会导致致命事故。从这项研究中得出了关于事故预防的结论。
