McArthur W J, Haakonson N H
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1977 Oct;48(10):911-5.
The paper examines fatal Canadian military air display accidents occurring between March 1, 1956, and March 1, 1974. They are discussed in detail from a human factors point of view. It was found that single and separated pilots tended to be at high risk compared with their married counterparts and most of the fatally injured pilots had less than 2,000 h total flying time. Time on type was shown to be less important than total flight time, and age in itself was unrelated to the incidence of fatal accidents. Spontaneity and deviation from prearranged plans was featured in many of the accidents. Human failure in the cockpit appears to be less frequent in air display fatalities than in fatal accidents occurring in routine operations; however, human failure in supervision accounted for 30% of the display accident cause factors, a figure much higher than in nonaerobatic fatal accidents. Finally, evidence indicates that it is possible to select and operate an aerobatic team in which the risk of a fatality is low, provided a few simple guidelines are observed by the team selectors and the team members.
本文研究了1956年3月1日至1974年3月1日期间发生在加拿大的致命军事飞行表演事故。从人为因素的角度对这些事故进行了详细讨论。研究发现，与已婚飞行员相比，单身和分居的飞行员往往面临更高的风险，而且大多数遇难飞行员的总飞行时间不到2000小时。研究表明，机型飞行时间不如总飞行时间重要，而且年龄本身与致命事故的发生率无关。许多事故的特点是自发性以及偏离预先安排的计划。驾驶舱内的人为失误在飞行表演致命事故中似乎比在常规操作中发生的致命事故中更为少见；然而，监督方面的人为失误占表演事故成因的30%，这一数字远高于非特技飞行致命事故。最后，有证据表明，只要团队选拔人员和团队成员遵守一些简单的准则，就有可能选拔和运作一支致命风险较低的特技飞行队。
