Lepers R, Bigard A X, Diard J P, Gouteyron J F, Guezennec C Y
Département de Neurophysiologie, Institut de Médecine Aérospatiale du Service de Santé des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997;76(1):55-61. doi: 10.1007/s004210050212.
The perturbations of equilibrium after prolonged exercise were investigated by dynamic posturography on nine well-trained subjects (four athletes and five triathletes). A sensory organization test, where the platform and visual surround were either stable or referenced to the subject's sway with eyes open or closed, was performed before and after a 25-km run (average time 1 h 44 min) by the nine subjects. In addition, the same test was performed on the five triathletes only, before and after ergocycle exercise of identical duration (i.e. ergocycle time = running time). The results showed that the ability to maintain postural stability during conflicting sensory conditions decreased after exercise, with some differences depending on the kind of exercise. Sensory analysis revealed that the subjects made less effective use of vestibular inputs after running than after cycling (P < 0.05). Adaptation to prolonged stimulation of proprioceptive, vestibular and visual inputs had probably occurred in the integrating centres during exercise. This adaptation was maintained during the recovery period and could explain the postexercise balance disorders. Other mechanisms such as impairment of motor efferents or haemodynamic changes should not be excluded.
通过动态姿势描记法,对9名训练有素的受试者(4名运动员和5名铁人三项运动员)进行了长时间运动后平衡扰动的研究。在9名受试者进行25公里跑步(平均时间1小时44分钟)前后,进行了感觉组织测试,测试中平台和视觉环境要么稳定,要么在受试者睁眼或闭眼时参考其摇摆情况。此外,仅对5名铁人三项运动员在相同持续时间的测力计运动(即测力计运动时间 = 跑步时间)前后进行了相同测试。结果表明,运动后在相互冲突的感觉条件下维持姿势稳定性的能力下降,且因运动类型不同存在一些差异。感觉分析显示,跑步后受试者对前庭输入的利用效率低于骑行后(P < 0.05)。运动过程中,整合中枢可能已发生对本体感觉、前庭和视觉输入长时间刺激的适应。这种适应在恢复期得以维持,可能解释了运动后平衡障碍。其他机制如运动传出功能受损或血流动力学变化也不能排除。