Githeko A K, Service M W, Mbogo C M, Atieli F K
Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Vector Biology and Control Research Centre, Kisumu, Kenya.
Parassitologia. 1996 Dec;38(3):481-9.
In Kenya indoor and outdoor resting densities of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus at the Ahero rice irrigation scheme, and Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. funestus at the Miwani sugar belt were assessed for 13 months by pyrethrum spray collections in houses and granaries. The vector's house leaving behaviour was evaluated with exit traps and it was noted that early exophily (i.e., deliberate) was not detected in any of the vectors. Assortative indoor/outdoor resting behaviour was studied by a capture-mark-release-recapture method and showed that in An. arabiensis both indoor and outdoor resting traits were present in the same individuals. Samples of half-gravid female An. gambiae s.l. were chromosomally identified either as Anopheles gambiae s.s. or An. arabiensis and in a subsample chromosomal inversions were read. Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis had the 2Rb inversion but in addition the 2La inversion was found in An. gambiae s.s. and this is an indication of low chromosomal variation. At Ahero An. arabiensis was most abundant when the rice crop was immature and An. funestus when the crop was mature. This succession of vectors facilitated the transmission of malaria throughout the year. At Miwani, An. gambiae s.l. population peaked during the long rains but the proportion of An. arabiensis was highest during the dry season. The indoor resting density of males of the three vector species was less than half of the females.
在肯尼亚，通过在房屋和谷仓中进行除虫菊酯喷雾采集，对阿赫罗水稻灌溉区的阿拉伯按蚊和嗜人按蚊的室内外栖息密度，以及米瓦尼甘蔗种植带的冈比亚按蚊指名亚种、阿拉伯按蚊和嗜人按蚊进行了为期13个月的评估。使用出口诱捕器评估了媒介的离屋行为，结果发现，在任何一种媒介中均未检测到早期外栖性（即有意识的）行为。通过标记重捕法研究了媒介在室内/室外的选择性栖息行为，结果表明，在阿拉伯按蚊中，同一群体内既有室内栖息特征，也有室外栖息特征。对半孕雌冈比亚按蚊复合组样本进行染色体鉴定，确定其为冈比亚按蚊指名亚种或阿拉伯按蚊，并对一个子样本进行染色体倒位分析。冈比亚按蚊指名亚种和阿拉伯按蚊均有2Rb倒位，但此外，在冈比亚按蚊指名亚种中还发现了2La倒位，这表明染色体变异程度较低。在阿赫罗，水稻作物未成熟时阿拉伯按蚊最为常见，作物成熟时嗜人按蚊最为常见。这种媒介的相继更替促进了全年疟疾的传播。在米瓦尼，冈比亚按蚊复合组种群在长雨季达到峰值，但阿拉伯按蚊的比例在旱季最高。三种媒介物种雄性的室内栖息密度不到雌性的一半。
