Ross R
School of Physical and Health Education, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Sports Med. 1997 Jul;24(1):55-64. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199724010-00005.
The effects of diet- and exercise-induced weight loss on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) distribution in both men and women have been reviewed. In general, current knowledge is based on studies that have assessed the influence of diet alone on VAT in obese women. For every kilogram of diet-induced weight loss, the corresponding reduction in VAT expressed in absolute terms is approximately 3 to 4 cm2, and in relative terms is approximately 2 to 3%. Thus, a diet-induced weight loss of approximately 12 kg corresponds to a 30 to 35% reduction in VAT. Two studies that consider the effects of exercise per se on VAT report conflicting results. There appears to be a resistance to VAT reduction in obese women, whereas exercise-induced weight loss is associated with significant reductions in VAT in men. It was also reported that in obese men, reductions in VAT induced by the combination of diet and exercise are not different from those observed in response to diet alone. It is unclear whether the results of these studies reflect a biological truth or are confounded by methodological problems associated with the control of energy intake and expenditure in free-living patients. Evidence suggests that changes in waist circumference and sagittal diameter are well correlated with corresponding changes in VAT. A 1 cm reduction in waist circumference corresponds to a 5 cm2 (4%) reduction in VAT area at the L3 level. Data on the separate effects of diet- and exercise-induced weight loss on VAT from well controlled studies are required to advance current knowledge with respect to the effects of diet and exercise on the adipose tissue depot that conveys the greatest health risk.
饮食和运动诱导的体重减轻对男性和女性内脏脂肪组织（VAT）分布的影响已得到综述。总体而言，目前的知识基于评估单纯饮食对肥胖女性VAT影响的研究。每通过饮食减轻1千克体重，VAT的绝对减少量约为3至4平方厘米，相对减少量约为2至3%。因此，通过饮食减轻约12千克体重相当于VAT减少30至35%。两项考虑运动本身对VAT影响的研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。肥胖女性似乎对VAT减少有抵抗力，而运动诱导的体重减轻与男性VAT的显著减少相关。还报告称，在肥胖男性中，饮食和运动相结合引起的VAT减少与单纯饮食引起的VAT减少没有差异。尚不清楚这些研究结果是反映了生物学事实，还是受到与自由生活患者能量摄入和消耗控制相关的方法学问题的混淆。有证据表明，腰围和矢状径的变化与VAT的相应变化密切相关。腰围每减少1厘米，L3水平的VAT面积相应减少5平方厘米（4%）。需要来自严格对照研究的关于饮食和运动诱导的体重减轻对VAT的单独影响的数据，以推进当前关于饮食和运动对传达最大健康风险的脂肪组织储存库影响的知识。
