Eckert J
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Vet Parasitol. 1997 Jul 31;71(2-3):99-120. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00027-7.
In parasitology, several measures can contribute to the aims of 3R (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement of animal experimentation). These include legal regulations, international guidelines for evaluating antiparasitic drugs, the refinement of animal models for parasitic infections, cryopreservation and cultivation of parasites in vitro or in chicken eggs, the maintenance of arthropods by artificial feeding, and the use of immunological and molecular in vitro techniques (e.g. the production of recombinant antigens for vaccines). Considerable progress has been achieved in the development of alternative techniques but both their standardisation and validation are not far advanced. A wider acceptance and use of alternative methods will only be achieved if research can offer economic alternatives that are as effective and reliable as animal experiments. Great efforts are needed for further progress.
在寄生虫学领域，有多项措施有助于实现3R目标（减少、优化和替代动物实验）。这些措施包括法律法规、评估抗寄生虫药物的国际准则、优化寄生虫感染动物模型、在体外或鸡蛋中冷冻保存和培养寄生虫、通过人工饲养维持节肢动物，以及使用免疫和分子体外技术（例如生产疫苗的重组抗原）。替代技术的开发已经取得了相当大的进展，但它们的标准化和验证工作还远远不够。只有当研究能够提供与动物实验同样有效和可靠的经济替代方案时，替代方法才能得到更广泛的接受和应用。要取得进一步进展还需要付出巨大努力。
