Wazana A
Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, Quebec.
Can J Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;42(6):602-10. doi: 10.1177/070674379704200606.
To review the evidence of general injury and pedestrian injury studies to determine if there are child behavioural, emotional, developmental, or physical characteristics that put children at higher risk for injury and, if there are such proneness risk factors, to determine their importance relative to other risk factors.
This paper critically assesses 11 general child injury studies and 6 child pedestrian injury studies that have examined variables of child proneness. Information on study design, source of data, magnitude and significance of the risk factors identified, and study limitations are presented in separate sections.
A critical review of the literature suggests that aggression is a consistent risk factor for general injuries but not for pedestrian injuries, hyperactivity is inconsistently associated with all types of injuries, and both a general measure of behaviour problems and a measure of unsafe behaviour were found to be significantly related to pedestrian injuries. A look at the pedestrian injury literature suggests that child risk factors make a consistent but minor contribution to injuries in comparison with environmental and social risk factors.
We need to address the environmental and social risk factors by educating parents about the roles of home stressors, poor supervision, and high-risk exposure in child injuries and by adding our voice to the efforts to bring into effect engineering and legislative interventions.
回顾一般伤害和儿童行人伤害研究的证据，以确定儿童是否存在行为、情绪、发育或身体特征使其更容易受到伤害，如果存在此类易感性风险因素，则确定其相对于其他风险因素的重要性。
本文批判性地评估了11项关于儿童一般伤害的研究和6项关于儿童行人伤害的研究，这些研究探讨了儿童易感性的变量。关于研究设计、数据来源、所确定风险因素的大小和意义以及研究局限性的信息分别在不同部分呈现。
对文献的批判性综述表明，攻击性是一般伤害的一个一致风险因素，但不是行人伤害的风险因素，多动与所有类型伤害的关联并不一致，并且发现一般行为问题测量和不安全行为测量均与行人伤害显著相关。对行人伤害文献的研究表明，与环境和社会风险因素相比，儿童风险因素对伤害的影响虽持续存在但较小。
我们需要通过教育家长使其了解家庭压力源、监管不力和高风险暴露在儿童伤害中的作用，并支持实施工程和立法干预措施，来应对环境和社会风险因素。
