McDaniel C
Center for Business, Religion, and Professions, Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, Pennsylvania 15206, USA.
Med Care. 1997 Sep;35(9):901-14. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199709000-00003.
The author reports on the development and the psychometric properties of the Ethics Environment Questionnaire (EEQ), an instrument by which to measure the opinions of health-care providers about ethics in their clinical practice organizations. The EEQ was developed to increase the number of valid and reliable measures pertaining to ethics in health-care delivery.
The EEQ is a 20-item self-administered questionnaire using a Likert-type 5-point format, offering ease of administration. It is applicable to a cross-section of health-care practitioners and health-care facilities. The mean administration time is 10 minutes. The EEQ represents testing on 450 respondents in acute care settings among a cross-section of acute care facilities.
Internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.93, and the test-retest reliability is 0.88. Construct, content, and criterion validity are established. The scale is unidimensional, with factor loadings exceeding the minimum preset criterion. Mean score is 3.1 out of 5.0, with scores of 3.5 and above interpreted as reflective of a positive ethics environment.
The EEQ provides a measure of ethics in health-care organizations among multi-practitioners in clinical practice on a valid, reliable, cost effective, and easily administered instrument that requires minimum investment of personnel time.
作者报告了伦理环境问卷（EEQ）的开发及其心理测量特性，该工具用于衡量医疗服务提供者对其临床实践机构中伦理问题的看法。开发EEQ是为了增加与医疗服务中伦理相关的有效且可靠的测量方法的数量。
EEQ是一份包含20个条目的自填式问卷，采用李克特5点式格式，易于实施。它适用于各类医疗从业者和医疗机构。平均施测时间为10分钟。EEQ对急性护理机构中的450名急性护理环境中的受访者进行了测试。
使用克朗巴赫α系数的内部一致性信度为0.93，重测信度为0.88。已建立结构效度、内容效度和效标效度。该量表是单维的，因子载荷超过了预设的最低标准。平均得分为5.0分中的3.1分，得分3.5及以上被解释为反映了积极的伦理环境。
EEQ提供了一种在临床实践中的多从业者中衡量医疗保健组织伦理的有效、可靠、具有成本效益且易于实施的工具，所需的人员时间投入最少。
