Kratzer W, Kächele V, Mason R A, Muche R, Hay B, Wiesneth M, Hill V, Beckh K, Adler G
Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Germany.
Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997 Sep;32(9):953-8. doi: 10.3109/00365529709011208.
Besides considering well-known risk factors for the development of gallbladder stones, such as age, sex, fecundity, and hereditary predisposition, efforts at prevention have focused increasingly on other factors, such as nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine consumption, as well as general nutrition, which may be modified.
A total of 1116 blood donors were examined between April 1994 and February 1995 in the central blood bank of the German Red Cross in Ulm, Germany. Each subject received a questionnaire and underwent to an upper abdominal ultrasound examination.
Gallbladder stone disease (current cholecystolithiasis and history of cholecystectomy) was detailed in 5.8% of the men and 6.3% of the women. Neither regularity nor number of daily meals correlated with the frequency of gallstone disease. Vegetarians (n = 48), as a group, were not found to have gallstones. In relation to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine higher prevalence of cholecystolithiasis was found only in heavy drinkers of coffee (P = 0.051; odds ratio (OR), 1.083; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.999, 1.174).
Results of the present study do not show a definite relationship between nutritional factors and the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or caffeine and an increased prevalence of gallbladder stone disease.
除了考虑胆囊结石形成的众所周知的危险因素，如年龄、性别、生育能力和遗传易感性外，预防措施越来越多地集中在其他因素上，如尼古丁、酒精和咖啡因的摄入，以及可能改变的一般营养状况。
1994年4月至1995年2月期间，在德国乌尔姆市德国红十字会中央血库对1116名献血者进行了检查。每位受试者都收到一份问卷，并接受上腹部超声检查。
男性中有5.8%、女性中有6.3%患有胆囊结石病（当前胆囊结石症和胆囊切除术史）。每日进餐的规律和次数均与胆结石病的发生率无关。素食者（n = 48）作为一个群体，未发现患有胆结石。在酒精、烟草或咖啡因的摄入方面，仅在大量饮用咖啡者中发现胆囊结石症的患病率较高（P = 0.051；优势比（OR），1.083；95%置信区间（CI），0.999，1.174）。
本研究结果未显示营养因素、酒精、烟草或咖啡因的摄入与胆囊结石病患病率增加之间存在明确关系。
