Vaal M, van der Wal J T, Hoekstra J, Hermens J
National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 1997 Sep;35(6):1311-27. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00167-7.
Differences in species sensitivity to toxicants can be substantial. In this study this among-species variation in sensitivity was analyzed in relation to chemical's mode of action. Chemicals were classified as: non-polar narcotics, polar narcotics, reactive compounds and specifically acting compounds. Acute toxicity data of aquatic species were derived from the literature. Levels of enhanced toxicity, averaged over all species, and interspecies variation in sensitivity were analyzed for 35 chemicals, with data ranging from 12 to 62 aquatic species per compound. Non-polar and polar narcotic chemicals demonstrate the smallest variation in sensitivity and have levels of toxicity, which are highly predictable on the basis of their hydrophobicity. Reactive and specifically acting compounds can be much more toxic than predicted and variation in species sensitivity can be as large as 10(5) to 10(6). In general, the larger this interspecies variation the more asymmetric is the toxicity distribution due to extremely sensitive species. Reactive and specifically acting compounds pose a potentially larger risk for species in ecosystems than polar and non-polar narcotic compounds. They will need more testing to derive precisely equal estimates of safe environmental concentrations.
物种对毒物的敏感性差异可能很大。在本研究中，分析了这种物种间敏感性差异与化学物质作用模式的关系。化学物质被分类为：非极性麻醉剂、极性麻醉剂、反应性化合物和特异性作用化合物。水生物种的急性毒性数据来自文献。分析了35种化学物质的所有物种平均增强毒性水平和物种间敏感性差异，每种化合物的数据来自12至62种水生物种。非极性和极性麻醉性化学物质的敏感性差异最小，其毒性水平基于其疏水性具有高度可预测性。反应性和特异性作用化合物的毒性可能比预测值高得多，物种敏感性差异可能高达10⁵至10⁶。一般来说，这种物种间差异越大，由于极度敏感物种导致的毒性分布就越不对称。与极性和非极性麻醉性化合物相比，反应性和特异性作用化合物对生态系统中的物种构成的潜在风险更大。它们需要更多的测试来精确得出安全环境浓度的等效估计值。
