Galloway S D, Maughan R J
Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University Medical School Aberdeen, Scotland.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1997 Sep;29(9):1240-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199709000-00018.
Eight healthy males performed four rides to exhaustion at approximately 70% of their VO2max obtained in a neutral environment. Subjects cycled at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 3.6 +/- 0.3 (SD), 10.5 +/- 0.5, 20.6 +/- 0.2, and 30.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C with a relative humidity of 70 +/- 2% and an air velocity of approximately 0.7 m.s-1. Weighted mean skin temperature (Tsk), rectal temperature (Tre), and heart rate (HR) were recorded at rest, during exercise and at exhaustion. Venous samples were drawn before and during exercise and at exhaustion for determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood metabolites, and serum electrolytes and osmolality. Expired air was collected for calculation of VO2 and R which were used to estimate rates of fuel oxidation. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were also obtained. Time to exhaustion was significantly influenced by Ta (P = 0.001): exercise duration was shortest at 30.5 degrees C (51.6 +/- 3.7 min) and longest at 10.5 degrees C (93.5 +/- 6.2 min). Significant effects of Ta were also observed on VE, VO2, R, estimated fuel oxidation, HR, Tre, Tsk, sweat rate, and RPE. This study demonstrates that there is a clear effect of temperature on exercise capacity which appears to follow an inverted U relationship.
八名健康男性在中性环境下以其最大摄氧量（VO2max）的约70%进行了四次骑行至力竭。受试者在环境温度（Ta）分别为3.6±0.3（标准差）、10.5±0.5、20.6±0.2和30.5±0.2摄氏度的条件下骑行，相对湿度为70±2%，风速约为0.7米/秒。在休息、运动期间和力竭时记录加权平均皮肤温度（Tsk）、直肠温度（Tre）和心率（HR）。在运动前、运动期间和力竭时采集静脉血样，以测定血红蛋白、血细胞比容、血液代谢物、血清电解质和渗透压。收集呼出气体以计算VO2和R，用于估计燃料氧化速率。还获得了主观用力程度（RPE）评分。Ta显著影响力竭时间（P = 0.001）：在30.5摄氏度时运动持续时间最短（51.6±3.7分钟），在10.5摄氏度时最长（93.5±6.2分钟）。Ta对VE、VO2、R、估计的燃料氧化、HR、Tre、Tsk、出汗率和RPE也有显著影响。本研究表明，温度对运动能力有明显影响，这种影响似乎呈倒U形关系。
