West D W
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1977 Nov;58(11):473-9.
An assessment of adaptation patterns among cancer patients with facial disfigurements was made by interviewing 152 patients in two head and neck clinics at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo. It was found that 86.2% had adapted to their disfigurement. More specifically, disfigurement seldom was mentioned as a reason for not returning to work and for not participating in social activities with work mates, friends, relatives, and society in general. Disfigurement also seemed to have little effect on involvement in formal groups. Reactions from society toward disfigurement were perceived as being mostly positive (although staring was commonly reported). Reasons for this high level of adaptation are suggested. These include the need to maintain stability of self-concept, age as a stabilizing factor, the positive reaction from society, the nature of the disease itself (so that disfigurement may be seen as being more acceptable (positive) than the alternative of threat of death), the hospitalization experience as it prepares the patient for society's response, and the fact that this is an acquired disfigurement in a patient from a relatively normal population.
通过对布法罗罗斯韦尔公园纪念研究所两家头颈诊所的152名患者进行访谈，对面部毁容癌症患者的适应模式进行了评估。结果发现，86.2%的患者已适应了自己的毁容情况。更具体地说，毁容很少被提及为不重返工作岗位以及不与同事、朋友、亲戚和整个社会参与社交活动的原因。毁容似乎对参与正式团体的影响也很小。社会对毁容的反应大多被认为是积极的（尽管经常有人报告说会被盯着看）。文中提出了这种高度适应的原因。这些原因包括维持自我概念稳定性的需要、年龄作为一个稳定因素、社会的积极反应、疾病本身的性质（因此毁容可能被视为比死亡威胁的替代方案更可接受（积极））、住院经历使患者为社会的反应做好准备，以及这是一名来自相对正常人群的患者后天出现的毁容这一事实。
