Kemp A, Sibert J
Department of Child Health, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Sep;14(5):316-20. doi: 10.1136/emj.14.5.316.
Accidents are the most common cause of death in children over one year of age. Prevention remains a high priority. We have reviewed the current epidemiology of childhood accidents and their prevention, and made recommendations for the future. In 1992, 559 children died in United Kingdom as a result of an accidents--240 from road traffic accidents and 100 from burns and scalds. Every year 50 children drown. Accidents cause significant disability to children. Many children, up to one in four of the population in urban areas, attend accident and emergency departments, and 5-10% of these are admitted to hospital. Accident risk factors include low social class, psychosocial stress, an unsafe environment, and child developmental disorders. Research has shown that prevention is best achieved by making the child's environment safer, often through legislation. Insufficient resources have been put into both research into childhood injuries and preventive work in communities. Collaboration between health authorities, NHS trusts, local authorities and community networks is vital if success is to be achieved. A national safety agenda for children would focus the attention that this problem deserves.
事故是一岁以上儿童最常见的死因。预防仍然是重中之重。我们回顾了当前儿童事故的流行病学情况及其预防措施，并对未来提出了建议。1992年，英国有559名儿童死于事故——240名死于道路交通事故，100名死于烧伤和烫伤。每年有50名儿童溺水。事故会给儿童带来严重残疾。许多儿童，在城市地区高达四分之一的人口中，会前往事故与急救部门就诊，其中5%至10%会住院治疗。事故风险因素包括社会阶层低、心理社会压力、不安全的环境以及儿童发育障碍。研究表明，通常通过立法使儿童环境更安全是实现预防的最佳方式。在儿童伤害研究和社区预防工作方面投入的资源都不足。如果要取得成功，卫生当局、国民保健服务信托机构、地方当局和社区网络之间的合作至关重要。一项全国儿童安全议程将把这个问题应得的关注集中起来。
