Bende M, Nordin S
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.
Physiol Behav. 1997 Nov;62(5):1065-70. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00251-5.
By having professional wine tasters and controls perform olfactory tasks of absolute detection (1-butanol), discrimination (lemon and cloves), and identification (common household odors), the present two experiments studied (a) if perceptual odor learning takes place from odor experience acquired under nonlaboratory conditions, (b) if this learning generalizes to odors for which experience is limited, and (c) if generalized learning can be referred to increased general interest for odors that increases attention to odorous features. The results showed that whereas wine tasters were not better than controls on detection, they were superior to controls on discrimination and identification, the latter due to only a few odors. Ratings of experience with certain odors during professional evaluation suggest that generalized perceptual learning may take place in discrimination but not in identification. Wine tasters did not show more general interest for odorous features than did controls. The nonsuperiority in detection may be explained by the fact wine tasters have no professional experience of a detection task per se, implying that perceptual odor learning does not generalize from the olfactory tasks of discrimination and identification to detection.
通过让专业品酒师和对照组执行绝对检测（正丁醇）、辨别（柠檬和丁香）和识别（常见家居气味）的嗅觉任务，本两项实验研究了：（a）感知性气味学习是否发生于在非实验室条件下获得的气味体验；（b）这种学习是否能推广到体验有限的气味；以及（c）推广性学习是否可归因于对气味的普遍兴趣增加，从而提高了对气味特征的关注度。结果显示，虽然品酒师在检测方面并不比对照组表现更好，但在辨别和识别方面优于对照组，后者仅针对少数几种气味。专业评估期间对某些气味的体验评分表明，推广性感知学习可能发生在辨别中，但不会发生在识别中。品酒师对气味特征的普遍兴趣并不比对照组更高。检测方面的非优越性可能是因为品酒师本身没有检测任务的专业经验，这意味着感知性气味学习不会从辨别和识别的嗅觉任务推广到检测。
