Dell G S, Schwartz M F, Martin N, Saffran E M, Gagnon D A
Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1997 Oct;104(4):801-38. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.104.4.801.
An interactive 2-step theory of lexical retrieval was applied to the picture-naming error patterns of aphasic and nonaphasic speakers. The theory uses spreading activation in a lexical network to accomplish the mapping between the conceptual representation of an object and the phonological form of the word naming the object. A model developed from the theory was parameterized to fit normal error patterns. It was then "lesioned" by globally altering its connection weight, decay rates, or both to provide fits to the error patterns of 21 fluent aphasic patients. These fits were then used to derive predictions about the influence of syntactic categories on patient errors, the effect of phonology on semantic errors, error patterns after recovery, and patient performance on a single-word repetition task. The predictions were confirmed. It is argued that simple quantitative alterations to a normal processing model can explain much of the variety among patient patterns in naming.
一种交互式两步词汇检索理论被应用于失语症患者和非失语症患者的图片命名错误模式。该理论在词汇网络中使用扩散激活来完成物体的概念表征与命名该物体的单词的语音形式之间的映射。从该理论发展而来的一个模型被参数化以拟合正常错误模式。然后通过全局改变其连接权重、衰减率或两者来对其进行“损伤”，以拟合21名流利性失语症患者的错误模式。这些拟合结果随后被用于推导关于句法类别对患者错误的影响、语音对语义错误的影响、恢复后的错误模式以及患者在单字重复任务中的表现的预测。这些预测得到了证实。有人认为，对正常处理模型进行简单的定量改变可以解释患者命名模式中的许多差异。
