Lutwak N, Ferrari J R
Department of Psychology, CUNY/Baruch College, New York 10010, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 Oct;185(10):595-8. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199710000-00001.
The association between perceptions of parental-bonding style during childhood and moral affect of shame at young adulthood were examined with 264 women and 140 men (mean age [+/- SD] = 20.4 +/- 1.6 years old). Shame affect was significantly positively related to fear of negative evaluation by others and social avoidance, and negatively related to recalled parental care in one's childhood. Multiple regression analyses indicated that maternal protectiveness, paternal care, fear of negative social evaluation, and social avoidance were significant predictors of shame, explaining 41% of the variance. Results support object relations theory, which states that shame is a moral affect associated with social evaluation apprehension and may have developmental implications for one's parental relations.
对264名女性和140名男性（平均年龄[±标准差]=20.4±1.6岁）进行了研究，以探讨童年时期对父母教养方式的认知与成年早期羞耻的道德情感之间的关联。羞耻情感与对他人负面评价的恐惧和社交回避显著正相关，与童年时期回忆起的父母关爱呈负相关。多元回归分析表明，母亲的保护欲、父亲的关爱、对负面社会评价的恐惧和社交回避是羞耻感的重要预测因素，解释了41%的变异。研究结果支持客体关系理论，该理论认为羞耻是一种与社会评价担忧相关的道德情感，可能对一个人的亲子关系产生发展方面的影响。
