Hedman R, Pettersson H
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Arch Tierernahr. 1997;50(4):321-9. doi: 10.1080/17450399709386142.
The capacity of the gastrointestinal microflora of pig, cow, and chicken to metabolize nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) was studied both in vivo and in vitro. Before feeding NIV to pigs, no metabolites of NIV or DON were formed in anaerobic incubates of the toxins with the pigs feces. However, after one week on a diet containing 2.5 or 5 ppm NIV, nearly all excreted NIV in feces had been de-epoxidated in five of six pigs. After three weeks on the NIV diet also the sixth pig had acquired this ability. Deoxynivalenol was also de-epoxidated when incubated in vitro with the microorganisms that formed de-epoxy-NIV in vivo. Anaerobic incubation of NIV and DON with cow rumen fluid produced de-epoxides of both toxins in a high proportion. No de-epoxide of NIV, but another unidentified metabolite was found in feces from chicken fed 2.5 or 5 ppm NIV for three weeks.
对猪、牛和鸡的胃肠道微生物群代谢雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的能力进行了体内和体外研究。在给猪喂食NIV之前，毒素与猪粪便的厌氧培养物中未形成NIV或DON的代谢产物。然而，在含有2.5或5 ppm NIV的日粮喂养一周后，六头猪中有五头粪便中几乎所有排泄的NIV都已脱环氧化。在NIV日粮喂养三周后，第六头猪也获得了这种能力。当与在体内形成脱环氧-NIV的微生物进行体外培养时，脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇也会脱环氧化。NIV和DON与牛瘤胃液的厌氧培养产生了两种毒素的高比例脱环氧化物。在喂食2.5或5 ppm NIV三周的鸡的粪便中未发现NIV脱环氧化物，但发现了另一种未鉴定的代谢产物。
