Bowling A T, Eggleston-Stott M L, Byrns G, Clark R S, Dileanis S, Wictum E
Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Anim Genet. 1997 Aug;28(4):247-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00123.x.
A parallel testing of 4803 routine Quarter Horse parentage cases, using 15 loci of blood group and protein polymorphisms (blood typing) and 11 loci of dinucleotide repeat microsatellites (DNA typing), validated DNA markers for horse pedigree verification. For the 26 loci, taken together, the theoretical effectiveness of detecting incorrect parentage was 99.999%, making it extremely unlikely that false parentage would fail to be recognized. The tests identified incorrect parentage assignment for 95 offspring (2% of cases). Despite fewer loci, DNA typing was as effective as blood typing and, in parentage exclusion cases, provided more systems to substantiate the genetic incompatibility. Five offspring presented potential genetic incompatibilities with their parents in only a single microsatellite system, but the parentage exclusions could not be confirmed with discordant results at additional loci. Two of these five incompatibilities could be explained as consequences of a null allele and three as fragment size increases or decreases (putative mutations). Provided that an exclusion assignment was based on at least two systems of genetic incompatibility, such rare genetic events did not lead to false exclusions. Notwithstanding the near 100% effectiveness estimations for either typing panel alone to identify incorrect parentage, this validation test showed an actual effectiveness of 97.3% for blood typing and 98.2% for DNA typing. The DNA-based test, however, may feasibly achieve higher efficacy than reported here by adding selected systems to the parentage test panel.
对4803例美国夸特马亲子关系常规案例进行了平行检测，采用15个血型和蛋白质多态性位点（血型检测）以及11个二核苷酸重复微卫星位点（DNA检测），验证了用于马匹谱系验证的DNA标记。对于这26个位点，综合起来，检测错误亲子关系的理论有效性为99.999%，这使得错误的亲子关系极不可能不被识别。检测发现95个后代（占案例的2%）的亲子关系认定错误。尽管位点较少，但DNA检测与血型检测同样有效，并且在亲子关系排除案例中，提供了更多系统来证实基因不匹配。5个后代仅在一个微卫星系统中表现出与其父母潜在的基因不匹配，但在其他位点结果不一致的情况下，亲子关系排除无法得到确认。这5个不匹配中的2个可以解释为无效等位基因的结果，3个可以解释为片段大小增加或减少（推定突变）。只要排除认定基于至少两个基因不匹配系统，这种罕见的基因事件就不会导致错误排除。尽管单独使用任何一种检测方法识别错误亲子关系的有效性估计接近100%，但该验证测试显示血型检测的实际有效性为97.3%，DNA检测为98.2%。然而，基于DNA的检测通过在亲子关系检测面板中添加选定的系统，可能切实实现比这里报道的更高的功效。
