Pickett W, Brison R J, Hoey J R
Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Inj Prev. 1995 Jun;1(2):97-102. doi: 10.1136/ip.1.2.97.
To assess rates and patterns of agricultural machinery injuries in farm children in order to both determine priorities and develop strategies for injury control in this population.
Coroners' files and hospital discharge data were examined for Ontario farm children aged 0-19 who had agricultural machinery injuries over a five year period ending 31 March 1990. Injury rates were described by age, sex, geographic region, type of machinery, and mechanism of injury. Common patterns of injury deserving of priority for prevention were then identified and described.
283 machinery injuries to children were identified. Injury rates were 116 and 25/100,000/year for boys and girls respectively. Boys were at increasing risk relative to girls as their ages increased. Young children were at greatest risk for fatal injury. There is a prominent summer peak in occurrence. The farm tractor was the machine most commonly associated with these injuries (33.2%), and entanglement, usually of clothing, was the mechanism cited most often (36.3%). The case fatality ratio (ratio of hospitalizations:deaths) was generally low whether assessed by machinery type or by mechanism of injury. This provides an indication of the lethality of these injuries. Common patterns associated with injury risk included: (1) inadequate supervision of small children; (2) permitting children to be in the area of moving or unguarded machinery; (3) allowing children to accompany workers using farm machinery; and (4) having children performing work related tasks inappropriate for their age.
Machinery related injuries are not uncommon in farm children and have a high case fatality rate. These rates changed little over the five year study period. Feasible strategies for prevention of these injuries, four of which are presented here, need to be developed and implemented by public health professionals working in cooperation with members of the agricultural industry.
评估农场儿童农业机械伤害的发生率和模式，以便确定该人群伤害控制的重点并制定策略。
查阅安大略省0至19岁农场儿童在截至1990年3月31日的五年期间发生农业机械伤害的验尸官档案和医院出院数据。按年龄、性别、地理区域、机械类型和伤害机制描述伤害发生率。然后确定并描述值得优先预防的常见伤害模式。
共识别出283例儿童机械伤害。男孩和女孩的伤害发生率分别为每年116例和25例/10万。随着年龄增长，男孩相对于女孩的风险增加。幼儿遭受致命伤害的风险最高。伤害发生有一个明显的夏季高峰。农用拖拉机是与这些伤害最常相关的机械（33.2%），通常是衣物卷入是最常提及的机制（36.3%）。无论按机械类型还是伤害机制评估，病死率（住院率与死亡率之比）通常都较低。这表明了这些伤害的致死性。与伤害风险相关的常见模式包括：（1）对幼儿监管不足；（2）允许儿童在移动或无防护的机械区域；（3）允许儿童陪伴使用农业机械的工人；（4）让儿童从事与其年龄不适合的工作相关任务。
农场儿童中与机械相关的伤害并不罕见，且病死率较高。在五年研究期间，这些发生率变化不大。从事公共卫生工作的专业人员需要与农业行业成员合作，制定并实施预防这些伤害的可行策略，本文提出了其中四项策略。
