Stueland D T, Lee B C, Nordstrom D L, Layde P M, Wittman L M
National Farm Medicine Center/Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Wisconsin 54449-5790, USA.
Inj Prev. 1996 Sep;2(3):192-6. doi: 10.1136/ip.2.3.192.
To identify preventable risk factors related to agricultural injuries occurring to children on family farms.
A geographically defined central region of Wisconsin, USA with nearly 1800 family dairy farms.
A two year, population based incidence study of occupational injuries among farm residents was conducted. For cases, trained staff abstracted information on the nature, severity, and treatment of the injury from the patient's medical record. Staff also administered a telephone questionnaire to cases and controls, usually answered by parents.
There were 60 cases of farm residents younger than 18 years who sought care for acute agriculture related injuries. Farms on which uninjured children lived served as controls (n = 102). Multivariate analyses of 16 different variables revealed three significantly related to injuries to children: hours worked per week (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01 to 1.08); presence of disabled safety device (OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.10 to 6.35); and feeding cows by grazing (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.06 to 8.83).
Interventions designed to reduce the risk of agricultural injuries to farm children should acknowledge the participation of children as productive workers on the farm. Although education has been the standard method for encouraging safe practices in farm work, additional approaches, such as limiting the number of hours a child works, avoiding the disabling of safety devices, and using specific methods of managing cows, should also be adopted to minimize injury risks to farm children.
确定与家庭农场中儿童农业伤害相关的可预防风险因素。
美国威斯康星州一个地理区域界定明确的中部地区，有近1800个家庭奶牛场。
对农场居民的职业伤害进行了一项为期两年的基于人群的发病率研究。对于病例，训练有素的工作人员从患者的病历中提取有关伤害的性质、严重程度和治疗的信息。工作人员还对病例和对照进行了电话问卷调查，通常由父母回答。
有60例18岁以下的农场居民因急性农业相关伤害寻求治疗。未受伤儿童居住的农场作为对照（n = 102）。对16个不同变量的多变量分析显示，有三个因素与儿童伤害显著相关：每周工作小时数（优势比（OR）= 1.05；95%置信区间（CI）= 1.01至1.08）；安全装置失灵（OR = 2.64；95% CI = 1.10至6.35）；以及放牧喂牛（OR = 0.22；95% CI = 0.06至8.83）。
旨在降低农场儿童农业伤害风险的干预措施应承认儿童作为农场生产性劳动者的参与。尽管教育一直是鼓励农场工作中安全做法的标准方法，但还应采用其他方法，如限制儿童工作小时数、避免安全装置失灵以及采用特定的奶牛管理方法，以尽量减少农场儿童的伤害风险。
