Savitz D A, Brett K M, Dole N, Tse C K
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 1997 Oct;7(7):509-16. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00078-1.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of parental occupation in miscarriage and preterm delivery. Previous studies raise the possibility that both male and female exposures could affect pregnancy.
Data from a population-based study of miscarriage and preterm delivery in central North Carolina were used to examine potential associations with male and female occupation. Medically treated miscarriage cases (n = 418), preterm delivery cases identified through hospital record review (n = 582), and term, normal birth weight controls (n = 787) were sought for telephone interview. The interview included information on jobs the woman held before and during the pregnancy, reports of her partner's job around the time of pregnancy, and information on potential confounding factors.
Female employment overall, or in specific jobs, around the time of conception or early pregnancy was not associated with the risk of miscarriage, whereas working during pregnancy, especially in the seventh month, was inversely associated with risk of preterm delivery. Male employment in several industrial occupations was weakly associated with miscarriage (adjusted odds ratios (OR) of 1.6 to 1.8), and somewhat more strongly associated with preterm delivery, particularly for chemists and sheet metal workers (adjusted OR over 3). Restriction to married men strengthened the associations.
Our results are limited by nonresponse, imprecision, incomplete identification of miscarriages, and lack of detailed occupational exposure information. Nonetheless, we found greater support for further examination of male compared to female jobs in relation to pregnancy outcome.
本研究旨在评估父母职业在流产和早产中的作用。先前的研究提出，男性和女性的职业暴露都可能影响妊娠。
利用北卡罗来纳州中部一项基于人群的流产和早产研究数据，来检验与男性和女性职业的潜在关联。寻求对经药物治疗的流产病例（n = 418）、通过医院记录审查确定的早产病例（n = 582）以及足月、正常出生体重的对照者（n = 787）进行电话访谈。访谈内容包括该女性在怀孕前及怀孕期间从事的工作、其伴侣在怀孕前后的工作情况报告，以及潜在混杂因素的信息。
总体而言，受孕时或怀孕早期女性就业，或从事特定工作，与流产风险无关，而孕期工作，尤其是在怀孕第七个月时工作，与早产风险呈负相关。男性从事多种工业职业与流产存在弱关联（调整后的优势比（OR）为1.6至1.8），与早产的关联则稍强，尤其是对于化学家和钣金工人（调整后的OR超过3）。仅限于已婚男性时，这种关联增强。
我们的研究结果受到无应答、不精确、流产识别不完整以及缺乏详细职业暴露信息的限制。尽管如此，与女性职业相比，我们发现男性职业与妊娠结局之间的关系更值得进一步研究。
