Tysinger J W, Klonis L K, Sadler J Z, Wagner J M
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School at Dallas, USA.
J Med Ethics. 1997 Oct;23(5):315-8. doi: 10.1136/jme.23.5.315.
Ethics is the emphasis of our first-year Introduction to Clinical Medicine-1 course. Introduction to Clinical Medicine-1 uses problem-based learning to involve groups of seven to nine students and two facilitators in realistic clinical cases. The cases emphasize ethics, but also include human behaviour, basic science, clinical medicine, and prevention learning issues. Three cases use written vignettes, while the other three cases feature standardized patients. Groups meet twice for each case. In session one, students read the case introduction, obtain data from the written case or standardized patient, identify the case's ethical problems, formulate learning issues, discuss ways to resolve the moral conflicts, and assign research responsibilities. In session two, students discuss their assigned learning issues and specify and justify clinical actions to address the case's ethical dilemmas. Following three cases, groups write an essay discussing what they learned and describing how they would approach and resolve the case's learning issues.
伦理学是我们一年级临床医学导论 -1 课程的重点。临床医学导论 -1 采用基于问题的学习方法，让七至九名学生和两名辅导员组成小组，参与实际临床案例。这些案例强调伦理学，但也包括人类行为、基础科学、临床医学和预防学习问题。三个案例使用书面案例 vignettes，另外三个案例则以标准化病人为特色。每个案例小组会碰面两次。在第一次会议中，学生阅读案例介绍，从书面案例或标准化病人那里获取数据，识别案例中的伦理问题，制定学习问题，讨论解决道德冲突的方法，并分配研究任务。在第二次会议中，学生讨论他们分配到的学习问题，并明确和论证解决案例伦理困境的临床行动。完成三个案例后，各小组撰写一篇文章，讨论他们学到了什么，并描述他们将如何处理和解决案例中的学习问题。
