Tauxe R V
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 1997 Oct-Dec;3(4):425-34. doi: 10.3201/eid0304.970403.
The epidemiology of foodborne disease is changing. New pathogens have emerged, and some have spread worldwide. Many, including Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, and Yersinia enterocolitica, have reservoirs in healthy food animals, from which they spread to an increasing variety of foods. These pathogens cause millions of cases of sporadic illness and chronic complications, as well as large and challenging outbreaks over many states and nations. Improved surveillance that combines rapid subtyping methods, cluster identification, and collaborative epidemiologic investigation can identify and halt large, dispersed outbreaks. Outbreak investigations and case-control studies of sporadic cases can identify sources of infection and guide the development of specific prevention strategies. Better understanding of how pathogens persist in animal reservoirs is also critical to successful long-term prevention. In the past, the central challenge of foodborne disease lay in preventing the contamination of human food with sewage or animal manure. In the future, prevention of foodborne disease will increasingly depend on controlling contamination of feed and water consumed by the animals themselves.
食源性疾病的流行病学正在发生变化。新的病原体不断出现，有些已在全球范围内传播。许多病原体，包括沙门氏菌、肠出血性大肠杆菌O157:H7、弯曲杆菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，在健康食用动物体内存在宿主，它们由此传播到越来越多的食物中。这些病原体导致数百万例散发性疾病和慢性并发症，以及在许多州和国家发生的大规模且具有挑战性的疫情暴发。结合快速分型方法、聚集性识别和协作性流行病学调查的改进监测，能够识别并阻止大规模、分散性的疫情暴发。疫情调查和散发病例的病例对照研究可以确定感染源，并指导制定具体的预防策略。更好地了解病原体如何在动物宿主中持续存在，对于成功进行长期预防也至关重要。过去，食源性疾病的核心挑战在于防止人类食物被污水或动物粪便污染。未来，食源性疾病的预防将越来越依赖于控制动物自身所食用的饲料和水的污染。
