Trinkaus E
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 25;94(24):13367-73. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.24.13367.
The emergence of modern humans in the Late Pleistocene, whatever its phylogenetic history, was characterized by a series of behaviorally important shifts reflected in aspects of human hard tissue biology and the archeological record. To elucidate these shifts further, diaphyseal cross-sectional morphology was analyzed by using cross-sectional areas and second moments of area of the mid-distal humerus and midshaft femur. The humeral diaphysis indicates a gradual reduction in habitual load levels from Eurasian late archaic, to Early Upper Paleolithic early modern, to Middle Upper Paleolithic early modern hominids, with the Levantine Middle Paleolithic early modern humans being a gracile anomalous outlier. The femoral diaphysis, once variation in ecogeographically patterned body proportions is taken into account, indicates no changes across the pre-30,000 years B.P. samples in habitual locomotor load levels, followed by a modest decrease through the Middle Upper Paleolithic.
现代人类在晚更新世的出现，无论其系统发育史如何，都具有一系列行为上的重要转变，这些转变反映在人类硬组织生物学和考古记录的各个方面。为了进一步阐明这些转变，通过使用肱骨中远端和股骨干中部的横截面积和面积二次矩来分析骨干横截面形态。肱骨干表明，从欧亚大陆晚期旧石器时代人类、到旧石器时代晚期早期现代人类、再到旧石器时代中期早期现代人类，习惯性负荷水平逐渐降低，黎凡特旧石器时代中期早期现代人类是一个纤细的异常例外。考虑到生态地理模式化身体比例的变化后，股骨干表明，在公元前30000年以前的样本中，习惯性运动负荷水平没有变化，随后在旧石器时代中期略有下降。
