Bartholomew K
Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Br J Med Psychol. 1997 Sep;70(3):249-63; discussion 281-90. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01903.x.
This paper overviews a new approach to understanding the range of difficulties experienced in close attachment relationships in adulthood. Drawing on the work of Bowlby, four prototypic adult attachment patterns are defined in terms of the intersection of two underlying dimensions, the positivity of the person's self-image and the positivity of the person's image of others (Bartholomew, 1990; Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). The distinct interpersonal difficulties associated with each attachment pattern are described. Findings are presented indicating that individual differences in attachment have implications for the quality of adults' romantic relationships, and that attachment theory may be helpful in understanding violent spousal relationships. Five current issues in the study of adult attachment are addressed: the stability of attachment patterns, the associations between attachment and general personality factors, the relative merits of categorical and prototype assessments of attachment, the identification of multiple attachments in adulthood, and the specificity of adult attachment patterns. It is suggested that the four-category model of adult attachment is especially sensitive to the range and complexity of attachment-related difficulties experienced in adulthood.
本文概述了一种理解成年期亲密依恋关系中所经历困难范围的新方法。借鉴鲍尔比的研究成果，依据两个潜在维度的交叉点定义了四种典型的成人依恋模式，即个体自我形象的积极程度和个体对他人形象的积极程度（巴塞洛缪，1990；巴塞洛缪和霍洛维茨，1991）。文中描述了与每种依恋模式相关的独特人际困难。研究结果表明，依恋方面的个体差异对成年人浪漫关系的质量有影响，且依恋理论可能有助于理解暴力配偶关系。探讨了成人依恋研究中的五个当前问题：依恋模式的稳定性、依恋与一般人格因素之间的关联、依恋分类评估和原型评估的相对优点、成年期多种依恋的识别以及成人依恋模式的特异性。研究表明，成人依恋的四类模型对成年期所经历的与依恋相关困难的范围和复杂性特别敏感。
