Unresolved problems of pancreatic pseudocysts.

The treatment of 54 patients with pancreatic pseudocysts was reviewed. The operative mortality was 11% and after an average followup of 3 years the recurrence rate was 3.8%. Hemorrhage was the most significant complication of pseudocysts and occurred in 4 patients preoperatively and three patients postoperatively. The patients who developed recurrence or died had been operated within one day after the diagnoses of pseudocysts were made. The deaths were due to the conditions that necessitated the emergency operations rather than to the fact that the cyst wall had not adequately matured. Ideally, operation should be performed when the patient has reached an optimal clinical condition and the walls of the cyst are sufficiently thick. Currently there is no guide for estimation of the state of cyst maturation, although this may develop with the use of ultrasound. Since complications can develop during a prolonged observation period it was our policy to proceed with surgery as soon after diagnosis as the patient was in satisfactory clinical condition. It is evident from this study that internal drainage can be performed safely in less time than the 6 weeks frequently recommended. Morbidity and mortality were not adversely affected by a short interval between diagnosis and operation if the timing was a matter of election rather than a condition of emergency.