Poulin C, Webster I, Single E
Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.
CMAJ. 1997 Dec 1;157(11):1529-35.
To describe alcohol disorders in the general Canadian population, using as a standard indicator the CAGE questionnaire (Have you felt you needed to cut down on your drinking? Have you felt annoyed by criticism of your drinking? Have you felt guilty about drinking? Have you felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning [eye-opener]?).
Secondary analysis of data from Canada's Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey (CADS), a national telephone survey conducted in 1994 of a representative sample of 12,155 people aged 15 years or more.
The CAGE questionnaire was administered to 5894 drinkers who had consumed alcohol in the 12 months before the CADS survey.
Respondents with positive (2 or more affirmative responses) and negative results on the CAGE questionnaire were compared as to demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption and harmful consequences of their drinking. Independent predictors of a positive result were identified by means of logistic regression analysis.
A total of 5.8% of CAGE-tested current drinkers had a positive result on the past-year CAGE in 1994. The proportion of respondents reporting alcohol-related problems in one or more areas of their life was 7 times greater among drinkers with a positive result on the CAGE questionnaire than among those with a negative result (66.8% v. 9.5%) (p < 0.0001). When all demographic characteristics were controlled for simultaneously, male sex, residence in the Atlantic provinces, Quebec or the Prairies, single/never married or divorced/separated marital status, and low education level were found to be independent risk factors for a positive result on the CAGE questionnaire. About 85% of the respondents with a positive result had not sought help for their drinking. Applying the estimated sensitivity and specificity of the CAGE questionnaire in detecting alcohol dependence, as per criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, in a general US population, the authors estimated that 4.1% of Canadians had an alcohol dependence in 1994.
The large proportion of current drinkers with a positive result on the CAGE questionnaire who did not seek help for their drinking underscores the need for identification and brief interventions by physicians. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying reasons for regional differences in CAGE status.
以CAGE问卷（你是否觉得需要减少饮酒量？你是否因别人批评你的饮酒行为而感到恼怒？你是否为饮酒感到过内疚？你是否觉得早晨醒来第一件事就需要喝酒[即“开眼酒”]？）作为标准指标，描述加拿大普通人群中的酒精障碍情况。
对加拿大酒精及其他药物调查（CADS）的数据进行二次分析，该调查是1994年开展的一项全国性电话调查，对象为12155名15岁及以上具有代表性的样本。
对在CADS调查前12个月内饮酒的5894名饮酒者进行CAGE问卷测试。
比较CAGE问卷结果为阳性（2个或更多肯定回答）和阴性的受访者在人口统计学特征、酒精消费量及其饮酒的有害后果方面的情况。通过逻辑回归分析确定阳性结果的独立预测因素。
在1994年接受CAGE测试的当前饮酒者中，共有5.8%的人在过去一年的CAGE问卷测试中结果为阳性。在生活的一个或多个方面报告有与酒精相关问题的受访者比例，在CAGE问卷结果为阳性的饮酒者中比结果为阴性的饮酒者高7倍（66.8%对9.5%）（p<0.0001）。当同时控制所有人口统计学特征时，发现男性、居住在大西洋省份、魁北克或大草原地区、单身/从未结婚或离婚/分居的婚姻状况以及低教育水平是CAGE问卷结果为阳性的独立危险因素。约85%结果为阳性的受访者未就其饮酒问题寻求过帮助。根据《诊断与统计手册》的标准，应用CAGE问卷在检测美国普通人群酒精依赖方面的估计敏感性和特异性，作者估计1994年有4.1%的加拿大人患有酒精依赖。
大量CAGE问卷结果为阳性的当前饮酒者未就其饮酒问题寻求帮助，这突出表明医生需要进行识别和简短干预。需要进一步研究以阐明CAGE状态存在地区差异的潜在原因。
