Rantanen T, Era P, Heikkinen E
Finnish Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997 Dec;45(12):1439-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb03193.x.
To research the natural changes in maximal isometric strength, over a period of 5 years, in men and women aged 75 at baseline, and to study the effect of everyday physical activity on strength alterations.
A 5-year longitudinal study.
Exercise laboratory.
The target group in 1989 was the total 75-year-old population of Jyväskylä. One hundred one men (81%) and 186 women (75%) participated in baseline strength tests, and after 5 years, 55 men and 111 women (70% and 72% of the survivors) took part in the follow-up measurements.
Maximal isometric hand grip, arm flexion, knee extension, trunk flexion, and trunk extension forces were measured using dynamometers. Self-rated physical activity was recorded using a scale by Grimby (1986). Strength changes were compared between groups based on the amount of everyday physical activity: (1) remained active (AA, 24 men, 24 women); (2) remained sedentary (SS, 11 men, 43 women); (3) decreased activity (AS, 11 women); and (4) increased activity (SA, 32 women). AS and SA could be formed for women only because of the small number of men. All analyses were stratified by gender.
The average percentage change in strength over 5 years among survivors varied from a 4% increase in knee extension strength observed in men and women to a 16% decrease in grip strength in women. The grip strength decrease was greater in women than men. The AA men maintained their trunk extension strength at a higher level than the SS men. Time by group interactions in men were not significant. In women, the rate of decline in AS was 32% in grip and 27% in elbow flexion strength, which was greater than in the other activity groups. The AA women retained their knee extension strength at a higher level than the other groups. Those who died before follow-up tests exhibited poorer strength test results at baseline. Physical activity decreased over follow-up.
Strength alterations with age differed between muscle groups. Undertaking everyday physical activities such as household work, walking, and gardening, which are also the most common physically demanding activities of older people, may play an important role in maintaining strength at an adequate level for independent living.
研究基线时年龄为75岁的男性和女性最大等长肌力在5年期间的自然变化，并研究日常身体活动对肌力变化的影响。
一项为期5年的纵向研究。
运动实验室。
1989年的目标群体是于韦斯屈莱所有75岁的人群。101名男性（81%）和186名女性（75%）参与了基线肌力测试，5年后，55名男性和111名女性（幸存者的70%和72%）参加了随访测量。
使用测力计测量最大等长握力、手臂屈曲、膝关节伸展、躯干屈曲和躯干伸展力。使用Grimby（1986年）的量表记录自我评定的身体活动情况。根据日常身体活动量将各组之间的肌力变化进行比较：（1）保持活跃组（AA，24名男性，24名女性）；（2）保持久坐组（SS，11名男性，43名女性）；（3）活动量减少组（AS，11名女性）；（4）活动量增加组（SA，32名女性）。由于男性数量较少，AS和SA组仅针对女性设立。所有分析均按性别分层。
幸存者中5年期间肌力的平均百分比变化从男性和女性膝关节伸展力增加4%到女性握力下降16%不等。女性握力下降幅度大于男性。AA组男性的躯干伸展力维持在高于SS组男性的水平。男性中时间与组别的交互作用不显著。在女性中，AS组握力下降率为32%，肘部屈曲力下降率为27%，高于其他活动组。AA组女性的膝关节伸展力维持在高于其他组的水平。在随访测试前死亡的人在基线时肌力测试结果较差。随访期间身体活动减少。
不同肌肉群的肌力随年龄的变化有所不同。进行诸如家务劳动、散步和园艺等日常身体活动，这些也是老年人最常见的体力要求较高的活动，可能在将肌力维持在足以独立生活的适当水平方面发挥重要作用。
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