Lichtenstein P, Svartengren M
Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Allergy. 1997 Nov;52(11):1079-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00179.x.
Various atopic manifestations among adults have been shown to be influenced mainly by genetic factors. With the increase in prevalence of atopic diseases in recent years, especially among children, a great deal of attention has been given to environmental causes. In a study of 1480 Swedish twin pairs, 7-9 years old, we examined the importance of genetic and environmental factors in asthma, hay fever, eczema, and urticaria. Structural equation model fitting showed 33-76% of the variation in liability to the diseases to be due to genetic effects. Shared environmental effects were also important for hay fever and urticaria in both sexes and for eczema among girls. The clustering of atopic disease in families was almost entirely due to a common set of genes, but each disease manifestation also seemed to have specific genes of importance. Investigation of unlike-sex twins showed that boys had a higher cumulative incidence of asthma and hay fever than girls, whereas girls had a higher incidence of eczema. Thus, it may be concluded that although genetic factors are of major importance in atopic manifestation in children, both environmental and sex-related factors play a role.
成人的各种特应性表现已被证明主要受遗传因素影响。近年来，尤其是在儿童中，特应性疾病的患病率有所上升，环境因素受到了极大关注。在一项对1480对7至9岁瑞典双胞胎的研究中，我们研究了遗传和环境因素在哮喘、花粉热、湿疹和荨麻疹中的重要性。结构方程模型拟合显示，疾病易感性的33%-76%的变异归因于遗传效应。共同环境效应对于男女的花粉热和荨麻疹以及女孩的湿疹也很重要。特应性疾病在家族中的聚集几乎完全归因于一组共同的基因，但每种疾病表现似乎也有重要的特定基因。对异性双胞胎的调查显示，男孩哮喘和花粉热的累积发病率高于女孩，而女孩湿疹的发病率更高。因此，可以得出结论，虽然遗传因素在儿童特应性表现中至关重要，但环境因素和与性别相关的因素都发挥了作用。
