Carvajal F, Iglesias J
Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
Dev Psychobiol. 1997 Dec;31(4):277-86.
We examined social smiling in infants with and without Down syndrome, aged from 3.2 to 13.6 months old. They were videotaped during an episode of spontaneous face-to-face interaction and a subsequent mother's still-face situation. Results indicated that infants smiled longer in the spontaneous face-to-face episode than in the still-face episode, even though this result was only significant in typically developing infants. Typically developing infants also smiled for a longer period than Down's syndrome infants during the spontaneous interaction episode. Moreover, infant's smile preceded the onset of the mother's smile, but in 6.2- to 13.6-month-old typically developing infants, the probability of mothers smiling before infants increased. These findings emphasize the possible existence of differences in the development of facial expression from signs to social symbols between infants with and without Down syndrome.
我们研究了年龄在3.2至13.6个月的唐氏综合征患儿和非唐氏综合征患儿的社交性微笑。在一次自发的面对面互动过程以及随后的母亲静止脸情境中，对他们进行了录像。结果表明，婴儿在自发的面对面情境中微笑的时间比在静止脸情境中更长，尽管这一结果仅在发育正常的婴儿中具有显著性。在自发互动情境中，发育正常的婴儿微笑的时间也比唐氏综合征患儿更长。此外，婴儿的微笑先于母亲的微笑出现，但在6.2至13.6个月大的发育正常的婴儿中，母亲先于婴儿微笑的概率增加。这些发现强调了唐氏综合征患儿和非唐氏综合征患儿在从表情信号到社交符号的面部表情发展方面可能存在差异。
