Squire L R, Zola S M
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1997 Nov 29;352(1362):1663-73. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1997.0148.
Bilateral damage to either the medial temporal lobe or the diencephalic midline causes an amnesic syndrome, i.e. a global impairment in the ability to acquire new memories regardless of sensory modality, and a loss of some memories, especially recent ones, from the period before amnesia began. The memory deficit can occur against a background of intact intellectual and perceptual functions. Two themes have been prominent in recent work. First, the amnesic syndrome is narrower than once believed in the sense that a number of learning and memory abilities are preserved (e.g. skill and habit learning, simple forms of conditioning and the phenomenon of priming). Second, the brain system damaged in amnesia has only a temporary role in memory. As time passes after learning, memory is reorganized and consolidated within neocortex, such that eventually medial temporal lobe and diencephalic structures are not needed for storage or retrieval.
内侧颞叶或间脑中线的双侧损伤会导致失忆综合征，即无论感觉模式如何，获取新记忆的能力出现全面受损，并且失忆开始前一段时间的一些记忆会丧失，尤其是近期记忆。记忆缺陷可能发生在智力和感知功能完好的背景下。最近的研究中有两个突出的主题。第一，失忆综合征比以往认为的范围更窄，因为一些学习和记忆能力得以保留（例如技能和习惯学习、简单形式的条件反射以及启动现象）。第二，失忆中受损的脑系统在记忆中仅起临时作用。随着学习后的时间推移，记忆在新皮层内重新组织并巩固，以至于最终内侧颞叶和间脑结构对于存储或检索已不再必要。
