Bolen J R, Kresnow M, Sacks J J
Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. 30341, USA.
Arch Fam Med. 1998 Jan-Feb;7(1):72-7. doi: 10.1001/archfami.7.1.72.
This study estimates bicycle helmet use among adults in the United States, examines factors associated with helmet use among adult bicyclists in 1994, and examines other safety-related practices. A telephone survey of 5238 randomly dialed households in the United States was conducted. The participants were randomly selected adult (aged > or = 18 years) respondents, and the main outcome measure was bicycle riding and helmet use in the last 30 days. We estimate that 20.2% of adults reported riding a bicycle in the 30 days preceding their interview. Of the bicyclists, 18.3% report they always wear their helmet when bicycling. Persons between the ages of 18 and 24 years had the highest proportion of bicycle riders for any adult age group (31.3%) but reported using helmets less than any other adult age group (5.1%). In univariate and multivariate analyses, age older than 24 years, female sex, higher educational level, and living in the west or northeast region of the country were associated with helmet use among adults. Helmet users were also more likely than nonusers to report a higher prevalence of other safety behaviors (ie, always wearing a safety belt, having a smoke detector in the house, and having a fire escape plan). Further efforts to increase the wearing of bicycle helmets by adults are necessary to meet the year 2000 objective of 50% helmet use. Adults should be targeted for increased helmet promotion efforts, especially those between the ages of 18 and 24 years. Increasing consistent use of helmets among adults may also help increase consistent use of helmets among children through role modeling.
本研究估算了美国成年人使用自行车头盔的情况，调查了1994年成年骑自行车者使用头盔的相关因素，并研究了其他与安全相关的行为。在美国对5238个随机拨打的家庭进行了电话调查。参与者是随机挑选的成年（年龄≥18岁）受访者，主要结果指标是过去30天内骑自行车及使用头盔的情况。我们估计，20.2%的成年人报告在接受访谈前的30天内骑过自行车。在这些骑自行车的人中，18.3%报告他们骑自行车时总是戴头盔。在所有成年年龄组中，18至24岁的人群骑自行车的比例最高（31.3%），但报告使用头盔的比例低于其他任何成年年龄组（5.1%）。在单变量和多变量分析中，年龄大于24岁、女性、教育水平较高以及居住在该国西部或东北部地区与成年人使用头盔有关。与不使用头盔的人相比，使用头盔的人也更有可能报告其他安全行为的发生率较高（即总是系安全带、家中有烟雾探测器以及有火灾逃生计划）。为实现到2000年头盔使用率达到50%的目标，有必要进一步努力提高成年人佩戴自行车头盔的比例。应将成年人作为加强头盔推广工作的目标群体，尤其是18至24岁的人群。提高成年人对头盔的持续使用率也可能有助于通过榜样作用提高儿童对头盔的持续使用率。
