Casida J E, Quistad G B
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3112, USA.
Annu Rev Entomol. 1998;43:1-16. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.1.
Insecticide research led to the first "complete" victories in combatting pests almost 50 years ago with the chlorinated hydrocarbons followed quickly by the organophosphates, methylcarbamates, and pyrethroids--all neuroactive chemicals. This Golden Age of Discovery was the source of most of our current insecticides. The challenge then became health and the environment, a Golden Age met with selective and degradable compounds. Next the focus shifted to resistance, novel biochemical targets, and new chemical approaches for pest control. The current Golden Age of Genetic Engineering has curtailed, but is unlikely to eliminate, chemical use on major crops. Insecticide research, having passed through several Golden Ages, is now in a renaissance of integrating chemicals and biologicals for sustainable pest control with human safety.
近50年前，杀虫剂研究借助氯代烃类化合物取得了防治害虫的首批“全面”胜利，随后很快又出现了有机磷酸酯类、甲基氨基甲酸酯类和拟除虫菊酯类——所有这些都是神经活性化学物质。这个发现的黄金时代是我们目前大多数杀虫剂的来源。当时的挑战转向了健康和环境方面，于是迎来了一个使用选择性和可降解化合物的黄金时代。接下来，重点转向了抗药性、新型生化靶点以及害虫防治的新化学方法。当前的基因工程黄金时代减少了但不太可能消除主要作物上的化学药剂使用。历经几个黄金时代的杀虫剂研究，如今正处于一个将化学药剂与生物制剂相结合以实现对害虫的可持续防治并保障人类安全的复兴阶段。
