Linn T, Bretzel R G
Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997 Dec;75(1):37-41. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00194-2.
Women with diabetes in pregnancy can be divided into two groups: women with diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy (pregestational diabetes) and women with glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus). The majority of women with pregestational diabetes have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), but may also include early-onset non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can represent first recognition of IDDM or NIDDM. The expression of each of the forms of diabetes as a clinical disorder represents a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of GDM varies between 0.15 and 4% and the prevalence of pre-GDM 0.2-0.4% in European countries [1].
妊娠前已诊断糖尿病的女性（孕前糖尿病）和妊娠期间诊断为糖耐量异常的女性（妊娠期糖尿病）。大多数孕前糖尿病女性患有胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM），但也可能包括早发型非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（NIDDM）。妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）可能是首次发现IDDM或NIDDM。每种糖尿病形式作为一种临床疾病的表现代表了遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用。在欧洲国家，GDM的患病率在0.15%至4%之间，孕前糖尿病（pre-GDM）的患病率为0.2%-0.4%[1]。
