Jain L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
J Perinatol. 1997 Nov-Dec;17(6):425-7.
To compare the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and chronic hypertension (CHH) on pregnancy outcome.
Retrospective study of data from a large perinatal data base with 109,428 consecutive deliveries from 1982 to 1987.
Among 109,428 women who delivered during the study period, 8019 (7.3%) were hypertensive. The hypertensive group included 5971 (74.5%) with PIH and 2048 (25.5%) with CHH. Hypertension was associated with a significantly higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. Compared with PIH, CHH was more likely to result in an adverse outcome as shown by increased odds ratio (OR) for fetal death (OR, 1.9 for PIH, 2.9 for CHH), prematurity (OR 1.6 for PIH, 1.8 for CHH), and intrauterine growth retardation (OR 2.8 for PIH, 3.7 for CHH). Chronic hypertension was associated with a 184 gm reduction in birth weight compared with 168 gm reduction with PIH. Mothers with CHH were more likely to be black (CHH, 50.1%; PIH, 40.2%), receive public assistance (CHH, 41.6%; PIH, 34.5%), and have no prenatal care (CHH, 3.2%; PIH 2.1%).
In this study population, hypertension during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality rates. Women with chronic hypertension are at greater risk for adverse outcome than those with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
比较妊娠高血压（PIH）和慢性高血压（CHH）对妊娠结局的影响。
对1982年至1987年连续109428例分娩的大型围产期数据库中的数据进行回顾性研究。
在研究期间分娩的109428名女性中，8019名（7.3%）患有高血压。高血压组包括5971名（74.5%）妊娠高血压患者和2048名（25.5%）慢性高血压患者。高血压与不良妊娠结局的风险显著增加相关。与妊娠高血压相比，慢性高血压更易导致不良结局，如胎儿死亡的比值比（OR）增加（妊娠高血压为1.9，慢性高血压为2.9）、早产（妊娠高血压为1.6，慢性高血压为1.8）和宫内生长受限（妊娠高血压为2.8，慢性高血压为3.7）。与妊娠高血压导致出生体重降低168克相比，慢性高血压导致出生体重降低184克。慢性高血压患者更可能为黑人（慢性高血压为50.1%；妊娠高血压为40.2%），接受公共援助（慢性高血压为41.6%；妊娠高血压为34.5%），且未接受产前检查（慢性高血压为3.2%；妊娠高血压为2.1%）。
在本研究人群中，孕期高血压与发病率和死亡率显著增加相关。慢性高血压女性比妊娠高血压女性发生不良结局的风险更高。
