Wang Y, Thornton I, Farago M
Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 1997 Nov 27;207(2-3):149-56. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00264-7.
Data for lead concentrations reported in Birmingham prior to 1984 were reviewed and thought to be not strictly comparable in these surveys due to various sampling and analysis methodologies. A survey was implemented to compare the concentrations of lead for 1984/1985 with those of 85 houses re-sampled within the city in 1996. It is shown that lead concentrations and loading of dusts in and around the houses have fallen significantly over the last 11 years. However, lead concentrations in soils have only slightly decreased over the same period. The US EPA IEUBK model for exposure of children to lead is validated, updated and applied to predict the blood lead level of young children. It is predicted that the blood lead concentrations of 2-year-old children have been reduced considerably over the period. The fall in lead concentrations is thought to be the consequence of the reduction policies for lead emissions in the UK since the 1980s. The result of this study provides a valuable example of the benefits of the reduction policies for lead which are of equal importance in developing countries with rapid economic growth.
对1984年以前伯明翰报告的铅浓度数据进行了审查，由于采样和分析方法的不同，认为这些调查数据不太具有严格的可比性。开展了一项调查，以比较1984/1985年的铅浓度与1996年在该市重新采样的85所房屋的铅浓度。结果表明，在过去11年里，房屋内部和周围灰尘中的铅浓度和铅含量显著下降。然而，同期土壤中的铅浓度仅略有下降。美国环境保护局的儿童铅暴露IEUBK模型经过验证、更新，并用于预测幼儿的血铅水平。据预测，在此期间，2岁儿童的血铅浓度已大幅下降。铅浓度的下降被认为是自1984年以来英国铅排放减少政策的结果。这项研究的结果为铅减排政策的益处提供了一个有价值的例子，这在经济快速增长的发展中国家同样重要。
