Charleston B, Gate J J, Aitken I A, Stephan B, Froyman R
Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom. Bryan
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jan;42(1):83-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.42.1.83.
This study compared the efficacy of continuous or pulsed-water medication with enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and sarafloxacin in eight groups of 90 chicks each by using an infectious bronchitis virus-Escherichia coli model of colisepticemia. The model produced lesions of typical those occurring in birds with severe colisepticemia; for the infected, nonmedicated birds the mortality was 43.5% and the morbidity was 89%, 17.8% of birds had severe lesions, and the birds had a mean air sac lesion score of 2.58. This experiment showed that continuous dosing and pulsed dosing are clinically equivalent. However, for all fluoroquinolones studied, there was a trend for the continuously mediated birds to have lower mortality and less severe disease than birds receiving pulsed doses. Compared with infected, nonmedicated controls, only birds continuously medicated with enrofloxacin had a significantly lower morbidity (32%), and only birds medicated with enrofloxacin and danofloxacin (continuous and pulsed treatments) had significantly lower mortality (6.7 and 11.0% and 16.8 and 19.2% for continuous and pulsed treatments with enrofloxacin and danofloxacin, respectively). A significantly lower proportion of birds only in the groups medicated with enrofloxacin had severe lesions (for birds receiving continuous and pulsed treatments, 2.2 and 6.7%, respectively). Birds medicated with any of the three fluoroquinolones (continuous and pulsed treatments) except pulsed-water treatment with sarafloxacin had significantly reduced mean air sac lesion scores compared with the scores for nonmedicated birds (air sac lesion scores, 0.60 and 0.83, 1.38 and 1.63, and 1.80 and 2.05 for birds receiving continuous and pulsed treatments with enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and sarafloxacin, respectively). The performance of the birds that survived the challenge or that recovered after receiving medication was not compromised compared to the performance of noninfected birds. Enrofloxacin was more efficacious than either danofloxacin or sarafloxacin for the treatment of colisepticemia in chickens by medication in drinking water. Similarly, danofloxacin appeared to be more effective than sarafloxacin in treating colisepticemia.
本研究采用传染性支气管炎病毒-大肠杆菌败血症模型，比较了连续或脉冲式饮水给药恩诺沙星、达氟沙星和沙拉沙星对八组雏鸡（每组90只）的疗效。该模型产生了典型的严重败血症禽类所出现的病变；对于受感染未用药的禽类，死亡率为43.5%，发病率为89%，17.8%的禽类有严重病变，且禽类气囊病变平均评分为2.58。本实验表明，连续给药和脉冲给药在临床上等效。然而，对于所有研究的氟喹诺酮类药物，连续给药的禽类与接受脉冲剂量的禽类相比，有死亡率更低、病情更轻的趋势。与受感染未用药的对照组相比，仅连续服用恩诺沙星的禽类发病率显著更低（32%），且仅服用恩诺沙星和达氟沙星（连续和脉冲给药）的禽类死亡率显著更低（恩诺沙星连续和脉冲给药的死亡率分别为6.7%和11.0%，达氟沙星连续和脉冲给药的死亡率分别为16.8%和19.2%）。仅在服用恩诺沙星的组中，有严重病变的禽类比例显著更低（接受连续和脉冲给药的禽类分别为2.2%和6.7%）。与未用药禽类的评分相比，除沙拉沙星脉冲式饮水给药外，用三种氟喹诺酮类药物中的任何一种进行连续和脉冲给药的禽类气囊病变平均评分均显著降低（恩诺沙星连续和脉冲给药的禽类气囊病变评分分别为0.60和0.83，达氟沙星连续和脉冲给药的禽类气囊病变评分分别为1.38和1.63，沙拉沙星连续和脉冲给药的禽类气囊病变评分分别为1.80和2.05）。与未感染禽类的性能相比，在攻毒后存活或用药后恢复的禽类性能未受影响。通过饮水给药，恩诺沙星在治疗鸡败血症方面比达氟沙星或沙拉沙星更有效。同样，达氟沙星在治疗败血症方面似乎比沙拉沙星更有效。
