Maier S F, Watkins L R
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0345, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1998 Jan;105(1):83-107. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.83.
The brain and immune system form a bidirectional communication network in which the immune system operates as a diffuse sense organ, informing the brain about events in the body. This allows the activation of immune cells to produce physiological, behavioral, affective, and cognitive changes that are collectively called sickness, which function to promote recuperation. Fight-flight evolved later and coopted this immune-brain circuitry both because many of the needs of fight-flight were met by this circuitry and this cooptation allowed the immune system to respond to potential injury in anticipatory fashion. Many sequelae of exposure to stressors can be understood from this view and can take on the role of adaptive responses rather than pathological manifestations. Finally, it is argued that activation of immune-brain pathways is important for understanding diverse phenomena related to stress such as depression and suppression of specific immunity.
大脑和免疫系统形成了一个双向通信网络，在这个网络中，免疫系统作为一个弥散的感觉器官，向大脑通报身体内发生的事件。这使得免疫细胞的激活能够产生生理、行为、情感和认知上的变化，这些变化统称为疾病，其作用是促进恢复。“战斗或逃跑”反应后来进化并利用了这种免疫-脑回路，这既是因为这种回路满足了“战斗或逃跑”反应的许多需求，也是因为这种利用使免疫系统能够以预期的方式对潜在损伤做出反应。从这个角度可以理解接触应激源后的许多后遗症，这些后遗症可以发挥适应性反应的作用，而不是病理表现。最后，有人认为免疫-脑通路的激活对于理解与压力相关的各种现象，如抑郁症和特异性免疫抑制，很重要。
