Leinonen R, Heikkinen E, Jylhä M
Finnish Centre for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 1998 Feb-Mar;46(4-5):591-7. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00205-0.
The purpose of the present investigation was two fold: (1) to examine how men and women self-rate their health as they age from 75 to 80 yr and how they assess the change in their health over the five year period; and (2) to ascertain how self-assessed change in health over the follow-up period corresponded to the difference in self-ratings of health between the assessments performed at baseline and at follow-up. The study was part of the Evergreen-project with the study group comprising all inhabitants born in 1914 (N = 388) living in Jyväskylä, central Finland. At baseline, 93.4%, and at follow-up, 93.3%, of those who were eligible participated in the interview. Self-rated health, when asked using the same questions, did not change at follow-up compared to baseline. However, nearly half of the follow-up group reported that their health had become worse over the five year period. Gender differences in self-rated health were not found, although women reported more often than men that their health had become worse and some of the men said their health had become better. It is concluded that self-rated health seems to be age-adjusted; elderly people who say their health has become worse as they age actually self-rate their health as the same or better than before.
（1）研究75至80岁的男性和女性如何随着年龄增长对自己的健康状况进行自我评估，以及他们如何评估五年间自身健康状况的变化；（2）确定随访期间自我评估的健康变化与基线评估和随访评估之间自我健康评分的差异如何对应。该研究是“常青项目”的一部分，研究组包括所有1914年出生（N = 388）且居住在芬兰中部于韦斯屈莱的居民。在基线时，符合条件者中有93.4%参与了访谈，随访时这一比例为93.3%。使用相同问题询问时，自我健康评分在随访时与基线相比没有变化。然而，近一半的随访组报告称他们的健康状况在五年间变差了。虽然女性比男性更常报告健康状况变差，一些男性称健康状况变好了，但未发现自我健康评分的性别差异。研究得出结论，自我健康评分似乎经过了年龄调整；随着年龄增长称健康状况变差的老年人，实际上自我健康评分与之前相同或更好。
