Mazengo M C, Simell O, Lukmanji Z, Shirima R, Karvetti R L
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
Acta Trop. 1997 Dec;68(3):313-26. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(97)00113-7.
Food consumption of 177 rural and 94 urban subjects (98 aged 12 years, 105 aged 35-44 years, and 68 aged 65-74 years) was studied in rural and urban Ilala district, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, to characterize rural-urban differences in the meal and snack patterns and intakes of energy and nutrients. Food consumption of each subject was studied using 24 h dietary recall once during the rainy season and once during the dry season. Micro Nutrica PC database, expanded with East African food composition tables, was used in the nutrient intake analyses. All urban and 92% of rural subjects had three daily meals, and snacks were as commonly eaten in both areas of the survey. Foods of animal origin, e.g. meat and milk, were seldom used by the rural subjects. The WHO/FAO recommended minimal daily allowances of energy and protein were not reached by 26 and 15% of the rural subjects, respectively (10 and 4% of the urban subjects). Mean intake of folic acid by rural subjects was clearly below that of the urban subjects. Intakes of sucrose, mono- and disaccharides combined, polysaccharides, fibre and cholesterol differed markedly in all age groups in rural and urban circumstances (P < 0.05). Intake of fat and saturated fat was extremely low in all age groups, particularly in the rural subjects. The data suggest that (sub)clinical protein-energy malnutrition is prevelant in Tanzania, and that the high intakes of sucrose and cholesterol and the low intake of fibre by the urban subjects may increase the prevalence of dental caries and cardiovascular diseases in that population.
在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的伊拉拉区城乡地区，对177名农村和94名城市受试者（98名12岁、105名35 - 44岁、68名65 - 74岁）的食物消费情况进行了研究，以描述城乡在饮食和零食模式以及能量和营养素摄入量方面的差异。在雨季和旱季各对每位受试者进行一次24小时饮食回顾，以此研究其食物消费情况。营养摄入量分析使用了通过东非食物成分表扩展的Micro Nutrica PC数据库。所有城市受试者和92%的农村受试者一日三餐，在调查的两个地区吃零食的情况同样普遍。农村受试者很少食用动物性食物，如肉类和奶类。分别有26%和15%的农村受试者未达到世界卫生组织/联合国粮农组织推荐的每日能量和蛋白质最低摄入量（城市受试者分别为10%和4%）。农村受试者的叶酸平均摄入量明显低于城市受试者。在城乡环境下，所有年龄组的蔗糖、单糖和双糖总和、多糖、纤维和胆固醇摄入量均有显著差异（P < 0.05）。所有年龄组的脂肪和饱和脂肪摄入量极低，尤其是农村受试者。数据表明，（亚）临床蛋白质 - 能量营养不良在坦桑尼亚普遍存在，城市受试者高蔗糖和胆固醇摄入量以及低纤维摄入量可能会增加该人群龋齿和心血管疾病的患病率。
