Hicks T A, McGlone J J, Whisnant C S, Kattesh H G, Norman R L
Department of Animal Science and Food Technology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Feb;76(2):474-83. doi: 10.2527/1998.762474x.
Weanling pigs (n = 132) were used to investigate the effects of three common stressors (and a control) and differing social status on behavior, immunity, plasma cortisol, blood chemical, and performance measures. Eleven blocks of 12 pigs each were evaluated. Each pen contained three pigs of dominant (DOM), intermediate (INT), or submissive (SUB) social status. Two weeks later, random pens of pigs experienced either a control treatment (CON) or they were stressed for 4 h by shipping (SHIP), heat-stressed (HEAT) with overhead heat lamps in their home pens, or cold-stressed (COLD) by direct application of water and an air current. Treatments did not influence body weights; however, percentage weight loss during SHIP was greater than for other treatments. Body weights were heavier for DOM pigs than for INT and SUB pigs. Social status had large effects on plasma cortisol, globulin, acute-phase proteins, body weight, and weight changes. Only acute shipping stress resulted in weight loss. Many immune and blood measures were not changed among acutely stressed pigs; however, the relationship between social status and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell cytotoxicity was disrupted during acute stress. Pig behavior was significantly changed by each stress treatment in a unique manner. During acute stress, behavioral changes seem to be the most consistent and reliable indicators.
断奶仔猪（n = 132）用于研究三种常见应激源（以及一种对照）和不同社会地位对行为、免疫、血浆皮质醇、血液化学成分和生产性能指标的影响。对11个组进行了评估，每组12头猪。每个猪栏包含三头具有优势（DOM）、中等（INT）或从属（SUB）社会地位的猪。两周后，随机选取的猪栏中的猪接受对照处理（CON），或者通过运输（SHIP）应激4小时、在其猪栏中使用头顶热灯进行热应激（HEAT）或通过直接喷水和气流进行冷应激（COLD）。处理对体重没有影响；然而，运输期间的体重减轻百分比高于其他处理。优势猪的体重比中等和从属猪重。社会地位对血浆皮质醇、球蛋白、急性期蛋白、体重和体重变化有很大影响。只有急性运输应激导致体重减轻。急性应激猪的许多免疫和血液指标没有变化；然而，在急性应激期间，社会地位与丝裂原诱导的淋巴细胞增殖和自然杀伤细胞细胞毒性之间的关系被破坏。每种应激处理均以独特方式显著改变了猪的行为。在急性应激期间，行为变化似乎是最一致和可靠的指标。
