Hankin B L, Abramson L Y, Moffitt T E, Silva P A, McGee R, Angell K E
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Feb;107(1):128-40. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.1.128.
The authors investigated the emergence of gender differences in clinical depression and the overall development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood among members of a complete birth cohort using a prospective longitudinal approach with structured diagnostic interviews administered 5 times over the course of 10 years. Small gender differences in depression (females greater than males) first began to emerge between the ages of 13 and 15. However, the greatest increase in this gender difference occurred between ages 15 and 18. Depression rates and accompanying gender differences for a university student subsample were no different than for a nonuniversity subsample. There was no gender difference for depression recurrence or for depression symptom severity. The peak increase in both overall rates of depression and new cases of depression occurred between the ages of 15 and 18. Results suggest that middle-to-late adolescence (ages 15-18) may be a critical time for studying vulnerability to depression because of the higher depression rates and the greater risk for depression onset and dramatic increase in gender differences in depression during this period.
作者采用前瞻性纵向研究方法，通过在10年时间内进行5次结构化诊断访谈，对一个完整出生队列的成员从青春期前到青年期临床抑郁症中性别差异的出现以及抑郁症的整体发展情况进行了调查。抑郁症方面的微小性别差异（女性大于男性）最初在13岁至15岁之间开始显现。然而，这种性别差异的最大增幅出现在15岁至18岁之间。大学生子样本的抑郁症发病率及伴随的性别差异与非大学生子样本并无不同。抑郁症复发或抑郁症症状严重程度方面不存在性别差异。抑郁症总体发病率和新发病例的增幅峰值均出现在15岁至18岁之间。结果表明，青春期中后期（15 - 18岁）可能是研究抑郁症易感性的关键时期，因为在此期间抑郁症发病率较高，抑郁症发病风险更大，且抑郁症的性别差异急剧增加。
